{"id":889,"date":"2013-09-16T09:05:13","date_gmt":"2013-09-16T07:05:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sydologie.com\/?p=889"},"modified":"2020-02-25T09:13:06","modified_gmt":"2020-02-25T08:13:06","slug":"apprendre-sur-internet-le-choc-des-images","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sydo.fr\/sydologie\/2013\/09\/apprendre-sur-internet-le-choc-des-images\/","title":{"rendered":"Apprendre sur Internet : le choc des images"},"content":{"rendered":"

Smartphones, tablettes, t\u00e9l\u00e9visions, ordinateurs, nous sommes aujourd\u2019hui hyper-connect\u00e9s\u2026 Mais savons-nous traiter correctement les renseignements que nous recevons ?\u00a0Retenons-nous mieux ce que nous voyons ? Ces questions doivent \u00e9galement nous\u00a0permettre de nous interroger sur l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 des signes : sous quelle forme l\u2019information\u00a0est-elle la mieux comprise ?<\/p>\n

Comprendre sur un \u00e9cran<\/h1>\n

Selon une \u00e9tude (1<\/a><\/sup>), nous sommes aujourd\u2019hui soumis \u00e0 5 fois plus d\u2019informations qu\u2019en\u00a01986. Ces informations nous parviennent principalement par le biais des \u00e9crans. Les\u00a0natifs num\u00e9riques (digital native en VO) ont pris l\u2019habitude d\u2019apprendre et de se divertir,\u00a0sans passer forc\u00e9ment par les livres. Des habitudes nouvelles qui ne sont pas sans\u00a0cons\u00e9quences sur la mani\u00e8re dont l\u2019information est int\u00e9gr\u00e9e.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Le livre propose au lecteur une exp\u00e9rience lin\u00e9aire.\u00a0Si l\u2019entr\u00e9e par chapitre est permise, on avance dans\u00a0chaque unit\u00e9 (chapitre, partie, paragraphe) de\u00a0mani\u00e8re progressive, en approfondissant les\u00a0informations dans une suite logique, propos\u00e9e par\u00a0l\u2019auteur.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Sur internet, l\u2019information n\u2019est reli\u00e9e aux autres informations que gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019hypertexte,\u00a0qui permet de naviguer d\u2019une page \u00e0 l\u2019autre, sans\u00a0forc\u00e9ment approfondir le contenu de mani\u00e8re logique.La\u00a0construction du savoir suit alors la logique de l\u2019apprenant,\u00a0qui peut s\u2019\u00e9garer dans l\u2019immensit\u00e9 du web et perdre de\u00a0vue son objectif de base. Nous avons tous fait l\u2019exp\u00e9rience\u00a0de rechercher quelque chose sur un sujet pr\u00e9cis et de se\u00a0retrouver quelques heures plus tard lisant avidement des\u00a0informations sur un sujet tout \u00e0 fait diff\u00e9rent. Ou comment\u00a0relier le coq et l\u2019\u00e2ne en quelques clics \u2026<\/p>\n

Il est d\u2019ailleurs int\u00e9ressant de noter que sur Internet nous avons tendance \u00e0 retenir\u00a0le chemin donnant acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019information, plut\u00f4t que l\u2019information elle-m\u00eame. Nous \u00a0savons que nous aurons toujours facilement acc\u00e8s \u00e0 Internet. Dans ce contexte, pourquoi\u00a0chercher \u00e0 m\u00e9moriser une information ? Alors, partisan du moindre effort ou fin\u00a0strat\u00e8ge, le cerveau ? Dans tous les cas, il s\u2019adapte \u00e0 son environnement et d\u00e9veloppe de\u00a0nouvelles mani\u00e8res d\u2019agir.<\/p>\n

Mots vs Images<\/h1>\n

Sur internet, comme ailleurs, les informations prennent le plus souvent la forme de\u00a0mots. Or, cette profusion entra\u00eene une certaine lassitude : nous lisons seulement 28 %\u00a0des mots sur une page Internet\u00a0(2<\/a><\/sup>) \"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Mais alors comment optimiser notre apprentissage sur \u00e9cran ? La r\u00e9ponse se trouve\u00a0peut-\u00eatre dans l\u2019utilisation d\u2019images. Bonne nouvelle, elles sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 particuli\u00e8rement\u00a0pr\u00e9sentes sur Internet ! Et le cerveau les comprend vite : il n\u2019a besoin que de\u00a0150 millisecondes pour assimiler un symbole et lui associer une signification. Pour\u00a0les panneaux de signalisation, c\u2019est particuli\u00e8rement \u00e9vident. Le panneau \u00ab Chute de\u00a0pierre \u00bb signifie \u00e0 la fois une chute probable de pierre (gr\u00e2ce au dessin repr\u00e9sentatif)\u00a0et la vigilance qu\u2019il convient d\u2019observer en pr\u00e9sence de ce panneau (gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la couleur\u00a0rouge et \u00e0 la forme triangulaire). Le m\u00eame conseil mis en forme avec des mots serait un\u00a0peu plus long \u00e0 d\u00e9chiffrer \u2026<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

La compr\u00e9hension est donc plus rapide avec une image. Mais est-elle plus efficace ?\u00a0Une \u00e9tude (3<\/a><\/sup>)\u00a0a \u00e9tudi\u00e9 le taux de compr\u00e9hension des messages pr\u00e9sents sur les notices de\u00a0m\u00e9dicaments. Elle a montr\u00e9 que les personnes comprenaient 70 % du message lorsque\u00a0la notice utilisait seulement des mots. Le taux monte \u00e0 95 % si la notice est compos\u00e9e de\u00a0mots et d\u2019images.<\/p>\n

Illustrer ses propos gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des images permet donc d\u2019am\u00e9liorer la compr\u00e9hension.\u00a0Reste \u00e0 s\u00e9lectionner les bons visuels, qui seront assez explicites pour parler \u00e0 tous\u2026<\/p>\n

Lorsqu\u2019on con\u00e7oit une formation en ligne (mooc ou e-learning), il est important de se\u00a0souvenir du fonctionnement de notre cerveau face \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cran et ne pas h\u00e9siter \u00e0 utiliser\u00a0des images et \u00e0 guider l\u2019apprenant.<\/p>\n

1. Dr Martin Hilbert et son \u00e9quipe, de l’universit\u00e9 de Californie du Sud<\/sup>
\n2. Merieb, E. N. & Hoehn, K. (2007). Human Anatomy & Physiology 7th Edition, Pearson International Edition.<\/sup>
\n3. Dowse, R. & Ehlers, M. (2005). Medicine labels incorporating pictograms: Do they influence understanding and adherence?, Patient Education and Counseling, Vol 58, Issue 1.<\/sup><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Smartphones, tablettes, t\u00e9l\u00e9visions, ordinateurs, nous sommes aujourd\u2019hui hyper-connect\u00e9s\u2026 Mais savons-nous traiter correctement les renseignements que nous recevons ?\u00a0Retenons-nous mieux ce que nous voyons ? Ces questions doivent \u00e9galement nous\u00a0permettre de nous interroger sur l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 des signes : sous quelle forme l\u2019information\u00a0est-elle la mieux comprise ? Comprendre sur un \u00e9cran Selon une \u00e9tude (1), nous sommes… Voir l’article<\/a>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":892,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":[],"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[2],"tags":[387,577,595,633,873,1157],"class_list":["post-889","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-le-mag","tag-elearning","tag-image","tag-information","tag-internet","tag-papier","tag-texte"],"yoast_head":"\nApprendre sur Internet : le choc des images - Sydologie<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sydo.fr\/sydologie\/2013\/09\/apprendre-sur-internet-le-choc-des-images\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Apprendre sur Internet : le choc des images - Sydologie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Smartphones, tablettes, t\u00e9l\u00e9visions, ordinateurs, nous sommes aujourd\u2019hui hyper-connect\u00e9s\u2026 Mais savons-nous traiter correctement les renseignements que nous recevons ?\u00a0Retenons-nous mieux ce que nous voyons ? 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