{"id":8488,"date":"2020-01-28T11:00:31","date_gmt":"2020-01-28T10:00:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sydologie.com\/?p=8488"},"modified":"2020-02-12T18:13:49","modified_gmt":"2020-02-12T17:13:49","slug":"comment-vaincre-le-burger-de-la-mort","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sydo.fr\/sydologie\/2020\/01\/comment-vaincre-le-burger-de-la-mort\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment vaincre le Burger de la Mort ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c7a y est les f\u00eates de fin d\u2019ann\u00e9e sont pass\u00e9es ! Fan de jeu de soci\u00e9t\u00e9, vous \u00eates refait car vous avez eu un Burger Quiz\u00ae<\/strong> \u00e0 No\u00ebl que vous avez pu tester pendant toutes les vacances avec votre famille. M\u00eame si mamie \u00e9tait dans votre \u00e9quipe Ketchup, vous avez gagn\u00e9 \u00e0 chaque fois et vous avez pu tenter la derni\u00e8re \u00e9tape du jeu : le Burger de la Mort<\/strong>. (Pour les novices, cette \u00e9tape consiste \u00e0 \u00e9couter l\u2019\u00e9nonc\u00e9 de 10 questions puis \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 ces 10 questions d\u2019un coup en essayant de se rem\u00e9morer des \u00e9nonc\u00e9s.) Mais sur toutes vos parties, vous n\u2019avez jamais r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 terminer le Burger de la Mort ! Vous n\u2019avez jamais pu atteindre le Saint Graal et clamer haut et fort votre victoire !
\nPourtant, vous vous vantez r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement de votre excellente m\u00e9moire. Vous ne comprenez pas pourquoi vous n\u2019arrivez pas au bout de ces 10 questions\u2026 <\/strong>
\n <\/p>\n

Une sacr\u00e9e p\u00e9pite<\/h2>\n

Pour expliquer ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne qui vient remettre en question votre m\u00e9moire, il faut remonter jusqu\u2019en 1956, ann\u00e9e o\u00f9 George Miller publie son article \u00ab The Magical Number Seven, Plus or minus Two : Some Limits on our capacity for Processing Information \u00bb. Dans cet article, Miller introduit le concept du chunking et des chunks<\/strong>, associ\u00e9s \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire \u00e0 court terme. Alors, non, ici les chunks ne sont pas des p\u00e9pites de chocolat mais bien une information regroupant d\u2019autres informations. Le but du chunk est de faciliter la m\u00e9morisation \u00e0 court terme d\u2019un nombre important d\u2019informations<\/strong> en les associant en une seule information porteuse de sens. <\/p>\n

L\u2019exemple le plus courant pour expliquer le principe du chunking est celui du num\u00e9ro de t\u00e9l\u00e9phone<\/strong>. En France, les num\u00e9ros de t\u00e9l\u00e9phone sont constitu\u00e9s de 10 chiffres que nous regroupons traditionnellement par 2 pour les retenir plus facilement. 04.26.78.32.77 sera ainsi plus facilement m\u00e9morisable que 0.4.2.6.7.8.3.2.7.7. (N\u2019h\u00e9sitez surtout pas \u00e0 appeler ce num\u00e9ro !) Les groupes de 2 chiffres, 26 par exemple, sont donc des chunks.
\n <\/p>\n

D\u00e9passer les limites du chunking<\/h2>\n

Miller a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 dans son article que la capacit\u00e9 moyenne serait de pouvoir traiter 7 chunks<\/strong>, plus ou moins 2, selon si vous \u00eates gourmand ou non. En 2005, Cowan a m\u00eame estim\u00e9 que la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019un individu serait plut\u00f4t de 4 chunks. Il devient ainsi compliqu\u00e9 de m\u00e9moriser plus de 4 informations \u00e0 court terme : la 5e information va soit prendre la place de l\u2019une des 4 premi\u00e8res informations, soit faire travailler la m\u00e9moire \u00e0 long terme, demandant plus d\u2019efforts. Cela explique ainsi pourquoi il est aussi dur de r\u00e9ussir un Burger de la mort<\/strong> qui n\u00e9cessite de retenir 10 informations qui n\u2019ont rien \u00e0 voir entre elles.
\n <\/p>\n

\"\"
\n 
\nAinsi, pour m\u00e9moriser plus facilement des informations \u00e0 court terme, il est n\u00e9cessaire de les segmenter en chunks. Il est possible de faciliter encore plus la m\u00e9morisation en cr\u00e9ant un sens \u00e0 ces chunks<\/strong> ou en les associant \u00e0 une information stock\u00e9e dans la m\u00e9moire \u00e0 long terme. Les nouvelles informations s\u2019associent alors \u00e0 des informations dont on se souvient inconsciemment, sans faire d\u2019efforts. <\/p>\n

Pour faciliter la m\u00e9morisation, il peut aussi \u00eatre utile d\u2019ajouter des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de contexte<\/strong>. Par exemple, pour m\u00e9moriser un morceau de piano, il est plus facile d\u2019entendre d\u2019abord le morceau en entier, puis d\u2019apprendre des parties de ce morceau petit \u00e0 petit, en chunks donc, pour ensuite les associer et retenir le morceau entier plus facilement.
\n 
\n 
\nSi vous \u00eates arriv\u00e9s jusque-l\u00e0, vous l\u2019aurez compris : il est tout \u00e0 fait normal que vous n\u2019arriviez pas \u00e0 vaincre le Burger de la mort ! M\u00e9moriser 10 informations qui n\u2019ont rien \u00e0 voir est tout bonnement \u00e0 la limite du possible de votre m\u00e9moire ! Alors, la prochaine fois que vous oserez faire un Burger Quiz\u00ae, pensez \u00e0 Georges Miller et aux chunks ! Cr\u00e9ez des chunks et peut-\u00eatre gagnerez-vous cette fois-ci<\/strong> ?
\n 
\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u00c7a y est les f\u00eates de fin d\u2019ann\u00e9e sont pass\u00e9es ! Fan de jeu de soci\u00e9t\u00e9, vous \u00eates refait car vous avez eu un Burger Quiz\u00ae \u00e0 No\u00ebl que vous avez pu tester pendant toutes les vacances avec votre famille. M\u00eame si mamie \u00e9tait dans votre \u00e9quipe Ketchup, vous avez gagn\u00e9 \u00e0 chaque fois et… Voir l’article<\/a>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":8490,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":[],"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[2],"tags":[398,651,752,753],"class_list":["post-8488","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-le-mag","tag-encodage-memoire","tag-jeu","tag-memoire","tag-memoire-a-court-terme"],"yoast_head":"\nComment vaincre le Burger de la Mort ? - Sydologie<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sydo.fr\/sydologie\/2020\/01\/comment-vaincre-le-burger-de-la-mort\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Comment vaincre le Burger de la Mort ? - Sydologie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00c7a y est les f\u00eates de fin d\u2019ann\u00e9e sont pass\u00e9es ! 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M\u00eame si mamie \u00e9tait dans votre \u00e9quipe Ketchup, vous avez gagn\u00e9 \u00e0 chaque fois et... 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Quand un \u00e9l\u00e8ve ne comprend pas ou n\u2019\u00e9coute pas : est-ce forc\u00e9ment parce qu\u2019il est fain\u00e9ant ou b\u00eate ? Je suis convaincue que c\u2019est principalement parce qu\u2019on ne donne pas aux enseignants les moyens et les outils pour donner envie d\u2019apprendre \u00e0 leurs \u00e9l\u00e8ves, les int\u00e9resser, susciter l\u2019\u00e9motion ou le d\u00e9bat. 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