{"id":6258,"date":"2017-10-26T10:30:19","date_gmt":"2017-10-26T08:30:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sydologie.com\/?p=6258"},"modified":"2017-10-04T17:33:40","modified_gmt":"2017-10-04T15:33:40","slug":"lincroyable-histoire-de-papi-phineas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sydo.fr\/sydologie\/2017\/10\/lincroyable-histoire-de-papi-phineas\/","title":{"rendered":"L’incroyable histoire de Papi Phin\u00e9as"},"content":{"rendered":"

D\u2019apr\u00e8s vous, est-il possible qu\u2019une personne ayant perdu un bout de son cerveau suite \u00e0 un accident puisse vivre normalement ou presque\u00a0? Et bien oui, comme vous vous en doutez\u00a0! (sinon, pourquoi \u00e9crire cet article\u00a0?!).<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

C’\u00e9tait le\"\" 13 septembre 1848 aux alentours de 16h30 lorsque Phin\u00e9as Gage, un contrema\u00eetre des chemins de fer, s\u2019est laiss\u00e9 distraire alors qu\u2019il bourrait de poudre un trou de dynamitage. Une barre de 6 kilos et de plus d\u2019un m\u00e8tre de long s\u2019est alors envol\u00e9e et a travers\u00e9 sa t\u00eate sous l\u2019\u0153il gauche, d\u00e9chirant la face inf\u00e9rieure du lobe frontal de son cerveau et perforant ensuite le haut de son cr\u00e2ne.<\/p>\n

Aussi bizarre que cela puisse para\u00eetre, Phin\u00e9as n\u2019a jamais perdu connaissance apr\u00e8s l\u2019accident, malgr\u00e9 la violence du choc qui l\u2019a fait basculer en arri\u00e8re et tomber brutalement sur le sol. Seules quelques l\u00e9g\u00e8res convulsions ont fait leur apparition, mais il s\u2019est remis \u00e0 marcher et \u00e0 parler en quelques minutes.\u00a0Le soir, il a m\u00eame d\u00e9clar\u00e9 au docteur John\u00a0Harlow qui arrivait pour le soigner \u00ab\u00a0Je crois que vous allez avoir du boulot\u00a0\u00bb, tout \u00e7a en lui montrant son cr\u00e2ne.<\/p>\n

Phin\u00e9as, diff\u00e9rent\u00a0?<\/h2>\n

En 1849, le Dr. Henry Bigelow soumet Phin\u00e9as Gage \u00e0 des tests sensoriels et moteurs. Il s\u2019aper\u00e7oit que l\u2019homme peut encore marcher, parler, voir et entendre. Bigelow en conclu donc que son cerveau est en bonne sant\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Cependant, dans la vie quotidienne, Phin\u00e9as semble changer de personnalit\u00e9\u00a0: d\u00e9termin\u00e9 avant l’accident, il devient capricieux et versatile, incapable de suivre une id\u00e9e ou un projet et semble avoir perdu de l\u2019empathie.<\/p>\n

Le cerveau de Phin\u00e9as<\/h2>\n

En 1994, Antonio et Hanna Damasio, deux neurologues travaillant pour l’Universit\u00e9 de Californie du Sud (USC) ont tent\u00e9 de mod\u00e9liser l\u2019accident afin de mettre en \u00e9vidence les zones endommag\u00e9es du cerveau. D\u2019apr\u00e8s leurs recherches, les l\u00e9sions concernaient les deux h\u00e9misph\u00e8res, responsables de changements de personnalit\u00e9 importants.<\/p>\n

En 2004, une \u00e9quipe men\u00e9e par Peter Ratiu, enseignant en neuro-anatomie \u00e0 Harvard conclut que la barre n’avait pas pu traverser la ligne m\u00e9diane du cr\u00e2ne et endommager l’h\u00e9misph\u00e8re droit.<\/p>\n

En 2012, un sp\u00e9cialiste en neuro-imagerie, Jack Van Horn confirme les travaux de Peter Ratiu mais pr\u00e9cise que si une partie du cerveau a \u00e9t\u00e9 endommag\u00e9e, des connexions entre neurones l\u2019ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9, notamment des connexions entre les deux h\u00e9misph\u00e8res.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Des d\u00e9couvertes sur le cerveau<\/h2>\n

Si plusieurs ann\u00e9es auparavant les neurologues pensaient que les l\u00e9sions c\u00e9r\u00e9brales avaient des cons\u00e9quences irr\u00e9versibles, le cas de Phin\u00e9as Gage a contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 montrer que le cerveau adulte est finalement flexible. Il est capable de s\u2019adapter et de r\u00e9apprendre des comp\u00e9tences perdues\u00a0: c\u2019est ce que l\u2019on appelle la plasticit\u00e9 c\u00e9r\u00e9brale.<\/p>\n

Les neurosciences et les connaissances sur le cerveau \u00e9voluent sans cesse\u00a0: les recherches sur le sujet et l\u2019observation de cas cliniques, comme celui de Phin\u00e9as Gage, permettent d\u2019en apprendre chaque jour davantage sur cet organe complexe.
\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"D\u2019apr\u00e8s vous, est-il possible qu\u2019une personne ayant perdu un bout de son cerveau suite \u00e0 un accident puisse vivre normalement ou presque\u00a0? Et bien oui, comme vous vous en doutez\u00a0! (sinon, pourquoi \u00e9crire cet article\u00a0?!). C’\u00e9tait le 13 septembre 1848 aux alentours de 16h30 lorsque Phin\u00e9as Gage, un contrema\u00eetre des chemins de fer, s\u2019est laiss\u00e9… Voir l’article<\/a>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":6265,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":[],"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[2],"tags":[818],"class_list":["post-6258","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-le-mag","tag-neurosciences"],"yoast_head":"\nL'incroyable histoire de Papi Phin\u00e9as - Sydologie<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sydo.fr\/sydologie\/2017\/10\/lincroyable-histoire-de-papi-phineas\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L'incroyable histoire de Papi Phin\u00e9as - Sydologie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"D\u2019apr\u00e8s vous, est-il possible qu\u2019une personne ayant perdu un bout de son cerveau suite \u00e0 un accident puisse vivre normalement ou presque\u00a0? 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C’\u00e9tait le 13 septembre 1848 aux alentours de 16h30 lorsque Phin\u00e9as Gage, un contrema\u00eetre des chemins de fer, s\u2019est laiss\u00e9... 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