{"id":6097,"date":"2017-09-07T10:30:34","date_gmt":"2017-09-07T08:30:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sydologie.com\/?p=6097"},"modified":"2017-09-11T15:11:07","modified_gmt":"2017-09-11T13:11:07","slug":"taxonomie-de-bloom-quest-cest","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sydo.fr\/sydologie\/2017\/09\/taxonomie-de-bloom-quest-cest\/","title":{"rendered":"Concevoir des d\u00e9roul\u00e9s p\u00e9dagogiques avec la taxonomie de bloom"},"content":{"rendered":"

Malgr\u00e9 un nom un peu barbare, la \u00ab\u00a0taxonomie de Bloom\u00a0\u00bb c\u2019est tr\u00e8s simple\u00a0: c’est un sch\u00e9ma qui\u00a0permet de regrouper des actions (ou op\u00e9rations) comme \u00ab\u00a0choisir\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0assembler\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0d\u00e9crire \u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0interpr\u00e9ter\u00a0\u00bb ou \u00ab\u00a0sch\u00e9matiser\u00a0\u00bb au sein de grandes cat\u00e9gories cognitives. L\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat\u00a0? Mesurer les comp\u00e9tences de mani\u00e8re plus globale, analyser l\u2019apprentissage de chacun et ainsi adapter les objectifs p\u00e9dagogiques des formations.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

De quoi suis-je capable\u00a0?<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

C\u2019est en 1956 que Benjamin Bloom<\/a>, psychologue en \u00e9ducation, a fait \u00e9merger une classification des comp\u00e9tences impliqu\u00e9es dans l’apprentissage. Cette taxonomie (du grec \u00ab\u00a0taxis\u00a0\u00bb et \u00ab\u00a0nomos\u00a0\u00bb, qui signifie la \u00ab r\u00e8gle de classification \u00bb) d\u00e9termine six habilet\u00e9s cognitives allant de la plus simple \u00e0 la plus complexe, auxquelles correspondent des op\u00e9rations typiques.<\/p>\n

 
\n 
\n 
\n <\/p>\n

1) La connaissance<\/span>\u00a0: c\u2019est le fait de m\u00e9moriser des informations.
\nOp\u00e9rations<\/u> : d\u00e9finir, dupliquer, nommer, identifier, reproduire, etc.<\/p>\n

2) La compr\u00e9hension<\/span>\u00a0: c\u2019est le fait d\u2019interpr\u00e9ter de l\u2019information en fonction de ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 appris.
\nOp\u00e9rations<\/u>\u00a0: classifier, d\u00e9crire, reconna\u00eetre, reformuler, traduire, etc.<\/p>\n

3) L\u2019application<\/span>\u00a0: c\u2019est le fait de s\u00e9lectionner des donn\u00e9es pour r\u00e9aliser une t\u00e2che ou r\u00e9soudre un probl\u00e8me.
\nOp\u00e9rations<\/u>\u00a0: d\u00e9montrer, illustrer, interpr\u00e9ter, planifier, sch\u00e9matiser, etc.<\/p>\n

4) L\u2019analyse<\/span>\u00a0: c\u2019est le fait de mettre en relation des faits et des \u00e9nonc\u00e9s ou questions.
\nOp\u00e9rations<\/u>\u00a0: estimer, calculer, critiquer, distinguer, questionner, etc.<\/p>\n

5) La synth\u00e8se<\/span>\u00a0: c\u2019est le fait de synth\u00e9tiser des id\u00e9es en une proposition, un plan, un produit nouveaux.
\nOp\u00e9rations<\/u> : collecter, construire, formuler, g\u00e9rer, proposer, installer, etc.<\/p>\n

6) L\u2019\u00e9valuation<\/span>\u00a0: c\u2019est le fait d\u2019estimer et de critiquer en fonction de crit\u00e8res que l\u2019on se construit.
\nOp\u00e9rations<\/u> : argumenter, \u00e9valuer, justifier, pr\u00e9dire, chiffrer, etc.<\/p>\n

Comment et pourquoi l\u2019utiliser en formation ?<\/h2>\n

SITUER LE NIVEAU DES APPRENANTS<\/span>
\nCette taxonomie permet aux\u00a0formateurs d\u2019avoir des points de rep\u00e8re pour \u00e9valuer le niveau de comp\u00e9tence de chaque form\u00e9 : par exemple, est-ce qu\u2019il sait cat\u00e9goriser des informations\u00a0? La r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 cette question peut permettre au formateur de savoir si les capacit\u00e9s d\u2019analyse du form\u00e9 sont satisfaisantes et d\u2019adapter sa formation en fonction.<\/p>\n

FACILITER L’EXPRESSION DES OBJECTIFS P\u00c9DAGOGIQUES<\/span>
\nD\u00e9finir les objectifs p\u00e9dagogiques est une \u00e9tape importante dans le d\u00e9veloppement d\u2018un projet de formation. Cela permet de baliser\u00a0le parcours et d\u2019en faciliter\u00a0l\u2019\u00e9valuation.<\/p>\n

La taxonomie de Bloom permet de formuler plus clairement ces objectifs\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Au terme de ma formation, je souhaiterais que mes apprenants soient\u00a0en mesure de\u2026\u00a0\u00bb Voici quelques exemples d\u2019objectifs p\u00e9dagogiques fournis par la taxonomie de Bloom\u00a0:<\/p>\n

1) La connaissance<\/span>\u00a0: Pour un professeur qui enseigne la biologie par exemple, un des objectifs peut \u00eatre de l\u00e9gender des sch\u00e9mas.<\/p>\n

2) La compr\u00e9hension<\/span>\u00a0: Pour un professeur de fran\u00e7ais, un des objectifs peut \u00eatre d\u2019\u00e9crire le r\u00e9sum\u00e9 d\u2019une nouvelle, par exemple.<\/p>\n

3) L\u2019application<\/span> : Pour un formateur en p\u00e2tisserie, un des premiers objectifs peut \u00eatre de suivre et mettre en application une recette.<\/p>\n

4) L\u2019analyse<\/span>\u00a0: Un formateur en vente commerciale peut avoir comme objectif de savoir r\u00e9diger un argumentaire de vente.<\/p>\n

5) La synth\u00e8se<\/span>\u00a0: Pour un professeur en architecture, l\u2019objectif prioritaire peut \u00eatre de concevoir les plans d\u2019un b\u00e2timent.<\/p>\n

6) L\u2019\u00e9valuation<\/span>\u00a0: Pour un enseignant en philosophie, un des objectifs peut \u00eatre d\u2019\u00eatre capable de conduire un d\u00e9bat.<\/p>\n

Dans ce lien<\/a>, diff\u00e9rentes activit\u00e9s sont propos\u00e9es pour chaque cat\u00e9gorie cognitive. Cela peut \u00eatre d\u2019une aide pr\u00e9cieuse pour les concepteurs de formation, qui peuvent tout de suite savoir si l\u2019activit\u00e9 qu\u2019ils imaginent est pertinente, ou trouver une activit\u00e9 s\u2019ils sont en panne d\u2019id\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

PLANIFIER LES S\u00c9QUENCES D’APPRENTISSAGE<\/span>
\nPour \u00eatre efficace, une s\u00e9quence d’apprentissage doit d\u00e9buter au niveau le plus simple et \u00e9voluer au fur et \u00e0 mesure vers des niveaux plus complexes. La taxonomie de Bloom permet d\u2019organiser logiquement la succession des s\u00e9quences d’apprentissage. Par exemple, le formateur peut solliciter les activit\u00e9s d\u2019analyse en premier puis le travail de synth\u00e8se pour finir.<\/p>\n

La taxonomie de bloom est le plus souvent repr\u00e9sent\u00e9e dans un tableau ou sous la forme d’une fleur :<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Source de l’image : https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taxonomie_de_Bloom#\/media\/File:Blooms_rose_fr.svg<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Malgr\u00e9 un nom un peu barbare, la \u00ab\u00a0taxonomie de Bloom\u00a0\u00bb c\u2019est tr\u00e8s simple\u00a0: c’est un sch\u00e9ma qui\u00a0permet de regrouper des actions (ou op\u00e9rations) comme \u00ab\u00a0choisir\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0assembler\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0d\u00e9crire \u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0interpr\u00e9ter\u00a0\u00bb ou \u00ab\u00a0sch\u00e9matiser\u00a0\u00bb au sein de grandes cat\u00e9gories cognitives. L\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat\u00a0? Mesurer les comp\u00e9tences de mani\u00e8re plus globale, analyser l\u2019apprentissage de chacun et ainsi adapter les objectifs p\u00e9dagogiques… Voir l’article<\/a>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":6112,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":[],"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6097","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-le-mag"],"yoast_head":"\nConcevoir des d\u00e9roul\u00e9s p\u00e9dagogiques avec la taxonomie de bloom - Sydologie<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sydo.fr\/sydologie\/2017\/09\/taxonomie-de-bloom-quest-cest\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Concevoir des d\u00e9roul\u00e9s p\u00e9dagogiques avec la taxonomie de bloom - Sydologie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Malgr\u00e9 un nom un peu barbare, la \u00ab\u00a0taxonomie de Bloom\u00a0\u00bb c\u2019est tr\u00e8s simple\u00a0: c’est un sch\u00e9ma qui\u00a0permet de regrouper des actions (ou op\u00e9rations) comme \u00ab\u00a0choisir\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0assembler\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0d\u00e9crire \u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0interpr\u00e9ter\u00a0\u00bb ou \u00ab\u00a0sch\u00e9matiser\u00a0\u00bb au sein de grandes cat\u00e9gories cognitives. 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