{"id":4174,"date":"2015-10-21T16:56:52","date_gmt":"2015-10-21T14:56:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sydologie.com\/?p=4174"},"modified":"2023-04-11T05:53:43","modified_gmt":"2023-04-11T03:53:43","slug":"les-pictos-ces-heros","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sydo.fr\/sydologie\/2015\/10\/les-pictos-ces-heros\/","title":{"rendered":"Les pictos, ces h\u00e9ros"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nous sommes entour\u00e9s de symboles\u00a0: de l\u2019\u00e9tiquette de nos v\u00eatements \u00e0 l\u2019interface de notre t\u00e9l\u00e9phone portable en passant par notre machine \u00e0 caf\u00e9. Tous ces symboles sont des pictogrammes. Qui sont-ils et comment les utiliser \u00e0 bon escient\u00a0?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Le picto, k\u00e9zako\u00a0?<\/h2>\n

Le pictogramme est la repr\u00e9sentation graphique (figurative ou symbolique) d\u2019un concept. Il s\u2019attache \u00e0 faire comprendre un message par un jeu de formes graphiques en s\u2019affranchissant de l\u2019\u00e9criture. Ce message doit \u00eatre compr\u00e9hensible par un maximum de personnes malgr\u00e9 leurs diff\u00e9rences culturelles.<\/p>\n

Les premiers pictos \u00e9taient utilis\u00e9s dans les peintures rupestres. Repr\u00e9sentant d’abord des animaux, ce vocabulaire graphique\u00a0 s\u2019est progressivement enrichi avec la repr\u00e9sentation de l’humain et de son environnement.\u00a0 Les pictos sont \u00e0 l\u2019origine de l\u2019\u00e9criture cun\u00e9iforme, anc\u00eatre lointaine de notre \u00e9criture marquant la fin de la pr\u00e9histoire. Voil\u00e0 qui en dit long sur leur pouvoir\u00a0!<\/p>\n

Le renouveau du picto<\/h2>\n

Apr\u00e8s une baisse d\u2019activit\u00e9 de quelques si\u00e8cles, l\u2019invention de l\u2019\u00e9criture l\u2019ayant mis de c\u00f4t\u00e9, le picto va profiter de l\u2019industrialisation et de la mondialisation pour r\u00e9appara\u00eetre en grande forme.\u00a0 Il va investir les panneaux de signalisation routi\u00e8re \u00e0 partir du 20\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, mettant ainsi en avant son premier atout\u00a0: sa rapidit\u00e9 \u00e0 d\u00e9livrer un message par rapport \u00e0 du texte (bien utile \u00e0 130 km\/h\u00a0!). Les a\u00e9roports vont accueillir les pictos pour mieux\u00a0 aiguiller les voyageurs du monde entier, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 leur facult\u00e9 \u00e0 franchir la barri\u00e8re de la langue. Quoi de mieux dans des \u00e9v\u00e9nements internationaux que des pictos pour se diriger, et \u00e9viter les dizaines de transcription du mot \u00ab\u00a0w-c\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0sur la porte des toilettes\u00a0? Le monde va de plus en plus vite, la communication s\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e8re, le picto prend ses aises. Il devient officiellement reconnu en 1985, lorsqu’il est normalis\u00e9 iso 7001.<\/p>\n

Mais c\u2019est avec l\u2019apparition de l\u2019ordinateur et ses interfaces toujours plus intuitives que le picto va conna\u00eetre son apog\u00e9e.\u00a0 Aujourd\u2019hui, vous \u00eates confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des centaines de pictogrammes tout au long de votre journ\u00e9e.\u00a0 7 heures, le r\u00e9veil de votre t\u00e9l\u00e9phone sonne, hop, des pictos s\u2019affichent devant vos yeux embrum\u00e9s : \u00e9teindre sa sonnerie et se lever ou retarder l’\u00e9ch\u00e9ance de dix minutes\u00a0? Face \u00e0 votre cafeti\u00e8re, encore des pictos pour choisir un caf\u00e9 court ou long. Sur votre \u00e9cran de tablette ou d’ordinateur, c\u2019est un v\u00e9ritable d\u00e9luge de pictogrammes !<\/p>\n

Devenir un h\u00e9ros du picto<\/h2>\n

Utiliser des pictos, vous permet de faciliter la navigation dans votre document, site web, lieu d’accueil, etc.\u00a0 Lorque vous les utilisez, faites donc attention au message qu\u2019ils v\u00e9hiculent, choisissez-les de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce qu\u2019ils soient clairement identifiables et donc m\u00e9morisables. Par ailleurs, utiliser un picto de mani\u00e8re r\u00e9currente permet au cerveau de l’associer \u00e0 un concept, utilisez donc toujours le m\u00eame pour montrer une chose similaire. Enfin, pour vous assurer que votre picto est identifiable, pas de secret, testez-le dans votre entourage, sans indice et sans texte. Si les \u00be des personnes comprennent sa signification, bingo, vous avez votre picto\u00a0!<\/p>\n

Le picto, c\u2019est comme une \u00e9pice, il faut l\u2019utiliser avec parcimonie pour ne pas g\u00e2cher votre document en le noyant sous une avalanche de visuels. Vous risqueriez d\u2019obtenir l\u2019effet inverse, avec un document indigeste. Pour le style graphique de vos pictos, \u00e9viter d\u2019en m\u00e9langer plusieurs (noir et blanc\/couleur,\u00a0 flat design\/r\u00e9aliste) sur un m\u00eame document, ce qui augmenterait immanquablement le temps de d\u00e9cryptage et nuirait \u00e0 l\u2019homog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 de votre production. Le mieux reste de trouver un pack de pictos qui r\u00e9pond \u00e0 vos besoins ou, pour les plus cr\u00e9atifs d’entre vous, de cr\u00e9er les v\u00f4tres. Il est \u00e9galement important d\u2019adapter vos pictos \u00e0 votre auditoire pour mieux coller \u00e0 ses r\u00e9f\u00e9rences. Vaut-il mieux utiliser un picto disquette ou une fl\u00e8che sur un document pour symboliser la fonction sauvegarde\u00a0? Enfin, assurez-vous que votre picto restera lisible une fois r\u00e9duit \u00e0 sa taille d\u2019usage.<\/p>\n

source image\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n

Pour en savoir plus :<\/p>\n

–\u00a0L\u2019histoire des pictos dans les interfaces num\u00e9riques. \u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n

– The Noun project : un immense catalogue de pictos.\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n

– Comment repr\u00e9senter les diff\u00e9rents sports ? La r\u00e9ponse des JO\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Nous sommes entour\u00e9s de symboles\u00a0: de l\u2019\u00e9tiquette de nos v\u00eatements \u00e0 l\u2019interface de notre t\u00e9l\u00e9phone portable en passant par notre machine \u00e0 caf\u00e9. Tous ces symboles sont des pictogrammes. Qui sont-ils et comment les utiliser \u00e0 bon escient\u00a0? Le picto, k\u00e9zako\u00a0? Le pictogramme est la repr\u00e9sentation graphique (figurative ou symbolique) d\u2019un concept. Il s\u2019attache \u00e0… Voir l’article<\/a>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4176,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":[],"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[2],"tags":[266,327,364,598,759,912,913,1118,1234],"class_list":["post-4174","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-le-mag","tag-creation-graphique","tag-document","tag-ecriture","tag-innovation","tag-message","tag-picto","tag-pictogramme","tag-symbole","tag-visuels"],"yoast_head":"\nLes pictos, ces h\u00e9ros - Sydologie<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le picto est la repr\u00e9sentation graphique d\u2019un concept. 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