{"id":2157,"date":"2014-05-22T10:54:27","date_gmt":"2014-05-22T08:54:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sydologie.com\/?p=2157"},"modified":"2016-04-26T17:11:09","modified_gmt":"2016-04-26T15:11:09","slug":"comment-ameliorer-la-memorisation-a-long-terme-en-formation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sydo.fr\/sydologie\/2014\/05\/comment-ameliorer-la-memorisation-a-long-terme-en-formation\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment am\u00e9liorer la m\u00e9morisation \u00e0 long terme en formation ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

La m\u00e9moire \u00e0 long terme\u00a0: qu\u2019est-ce que c\u2019est\u00a0?<\/h3>\n

Il existe plusieurs types de m\u00e9moire\u00a0: la m\u00e9moire \u00e0 court terme<\/strong>, qui nous permet de retenir bri\u00e8vement les \u00e9l\u00e9ments auxquels on est confront\u00e9 (noter un num\u00e9ro de t\u00e9l\u00e9phone par exemple) et la m\u00e9moire \u00e0 long terme<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

La\u00a0m\u00e9moire \u00e0 long terme permet de conserver tous les \u00e9v\u00e9nements significatifs de notre existence, le sens des mots et les gestes appris. Contrairement \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire \u00e0 court terme, elle a une dur\u00e9e et une capacit\u00e9 de stockage illimit\u00e9e. Elle est toutefois loin d’\u00eatre infaillible car elle peut parfois d\u00e9former les faits et sa fiabilit\u00e9 tend \u00e0 d\u00e9cro\u00eetre avec l’\u00e2ge. C\u2019est pourquoi il est important de trouver des moyens pour l\u2019am\u00e9liorer et la faciliter.<\/p>\n

Pour favoriser la m\u00e9moire \u00e0 long terme, le formateur peut mettre en place plusieurs bonnes pratiques :<\/h3>\n

– Rassurer<\/span><\/i><\/strong>, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire cr\u00e9er un climat \u00e9motionnel positif notamment en encourageant les form\u00e9s et en mettant en avant les efforts r\u00e9alis\u00e9s<\/strong>. Il est plus facile de m\u00e9moriser lorsque le contexte d\u2019apprentissage est agr\u00e9able car le form\u00e9 n\u2019est pas d\u00e9rang\u00e9 par des \u00e9l\u00e9ments perturbateurs (stress, d\u00e9motivation, etc.).<\/p>\n

– R\u00e9p\u00e9ter<\/span><\/i><\/strong>, soit de fa\u00e7on brute, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire r\u00e9p\u00e9ter la m\u00eame information,<\/strong> soit de fa\u00e7on int\u00e9grative, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire en r\u00e9utilisant le contenu appris dans un contexte diff\u00e9rent<\/strong>. Cela peut par exemple consister \u00e0 utiliser les connaissances apprises en math\u00e9matiques pour calculer la superficie d\u2019un appartement. L\u2019apprenant m\u00e9morise d\u2019autant plus lorsque c\u2019est lui m\u00eame qui reformule ce qu\u2019il a appris.<\/p>\n

– Impliquer<\/span><\/i><\/strong>, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire, accroitre l\u2019attention des form\u00e9s<\/strong>, notamment en les faisant participer mais \u00e9galement en sollicitant un maximum de canaux d\u2019apprentissage (auditif, visuel, kinesth\u00e9sique) car pour m\u00e9moriser l\u2019information, nous devons d\u2019abord la capter.<\/p>\n

– Classer<\/span><\/i><\/strong>, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire cat\u00e9goriser l\u2019information pour faciliter le rappel et donc l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 celle-ci<\/strong>. En effet, il est plus facile de retrouver une information si elle est bien rang\u00e9e.
\nIl faut donc organiser le contenu de mani\u00e8re logique (par exemple d\u00e9couper le contenu en chapitres bien identifi\u00e9s), pr\u00e9senter ce d\u00e9roul\u00e9 en amont de la formation et le rappeler r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement pour que les form\u00e9s ne perdent pas le fil.<\/p>\n

– Donner du sens<\/span><\/i>,<\/strong> c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire expliquer les objectifs de la formation<\/strong>, utiliser des exemples concrets qui parlent \u00e0 un maximum de personnes et reformuler certaines explications. Cela peut m\u00eame \u00eatre int\u00e9ressant de demander aux form\u00e9s de reformuler car ils deviennent actifs et sont plus impliqu\u00e9s. Enfin, il est important d\u2019avoir un retour de la part des form\u00e9s<\/strong> en posant des questions ou en faisant des exercices pour v\u00e9rifier qu\u2019ils ont bien compris le sens.<\/p>\n

– Utiliser les biorythmes<\/span><\/i><\/strong>, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire adapter ses cours aux rythmes biologiques<\/strong>.\u00a0En effet, la m\u00e9moire est plus performante le matin, l’apr\u00e8s-midi vers 15h30 ou 16h ou encore le soir. Par contre, elle est alt\u00e9r\u00e9e en p\u00e9riode de digestion, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire peu de temps apr\u00e8s les repas. Il vaut donc mieux effectuer les cours tr\u00e8s th\u00e9oriques le matin et faire des activit\u00e9s plus ludiques en d\u00e9but d\u2019apr\u00e8s-midi.<\/p>\n

– Cr\u00e9er des associations d\u2019id\u00e9es<\/span><\/i><\/strong> pour faciliter la m\u00e9morisation en utilisant des moyens mn\u00e9motechniques et des analogies.
\nCela peut par exemple consister \u00e0 utiliser les premi\u00e8res lettres de chaque mot \u00e0 retenir pour former soit un acronyme soit une phrase facilement m\u00e9morisable comme les fameuses phrases\u00a0:<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Mais o\u00f9 est donc or ni car\u00a0?\u00a0\u00bb<\/em><\/strong> pour retenir les conjonctions de coordination (mais ou et donc or ni car).<\/p>\n

et \u00ab\u00a0Me\u00a0Voici\u00a0Tout\u00a0Mouill\u00e9,\u00a0J’ai\u00a0Suivi\u00a0Un\u00a0Nuage\u00a0\u00bb<\/em> <\/strong>pour retenir l\u2019ordre des plan\u00e8tes du syst\u00e8me solaire (Mercure, V\u00e9nus, Terre, Mars, Jupiter, Saturne, Uranus, Neptune).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Pour qu\u2019une formation porte ses fruits, il faut que les form\u00e9s soient attentifs mais \u00e9galement qu\u2019ils m\u00e9morisent ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 abord\u00e9, sinon\u2026 cela n\u2019a pas grand int\u00e9r\u00eat\u00a0! Bien que chacun ait des capacit\u00e9s mn\u00e9siques diff\u00e9rentes, il est tout de m\u00eame possible, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ces bonnes pratiques, de faciliter la m\u00e9morisation de chaque form\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Pour en savoir plus<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

Source image \u00e0 la Une<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"La m\u00e9moire \u00e0 long terme\u00a0: qu\u2019est-ce que c\u2019est\u00a0? Il existe plusieurs types de m\u00e9moire\u00a0: la m\u00e9moire \u00e0 court terme, qui nous permet de retenir bri\u00e8vement les \u00e9l\u00e9ments auxquels on est confront\u00e9 (noter un num\u00e9ro de t\u00e9l\u00e9phone par exemple) et la m\u00e9moire \u00e0 long terme. La\u00a0m\u00e9moire \u00e0 long terme permet de conserver tous les \u00e9v\u00e9nements significatifs… Voir l’article<\/a>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2162,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":[],"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[2],"tags":[471,753,754,757],"class_list":["post-2157","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-le-mag","tag-favoriser-la-memorisation-en-formation","tag-memoire-a-court-terme","tag-memoire-a-long-terme","tag-memorisation"],"yoast_head":"\nComment am\u00e9liorer la m\u00e9morisation \u00e0 long terme en formation ? - Sydologie<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sydo.fr\/sydologie\/2014\/05\/comment-ameliorer-la-memorisation-a-long-terme-en-formation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Comment am\u00e9liorer la m\u00e9morisation \u00e0 long terme en formation ? - Sydologie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La m\u00e9moire \u00e0 long terme\u00a0: qu\u2019est-ce que c\u2019est\u00a0? Il existe plusieurs types de m\u00e9moire\u00a0: la m\u00e9moire \u00e0 court terme, qui nous permet de retenir bri\u00e8vement les \u00e9l\u00e9ments auxquels on est confront\u00e9 (noter un num\u00e9ro de t\u00e9l\u00e9phone par exemple) et la m\u00e9moire \u00e0 long terme. La\u00a0m\u00e9moire \u00e0 long terme permet de conserver tous les \u00e9v\u00e9nements significatifs... 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