{"id":1652,"date":"2014-02-24T11:41:16","date_gmt":"2014-02-24T09:41:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sydologie.com\/?p=1652"},"modified":"2016-04-26T17:11:11","modified_gmt":"2016-04-26T15:11:11","slug":"luniversite-au-pays-des-burgers-et-des-cow-boys-la-pedagogie-aux-etats-unis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sydo.fr\/sydologie\/2014\/02\/luniversite-au-pays-des-burgers-et-des-cow-boys-la-pedagogie-aux-etats-unis\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019universit\u00e9 au pays des burgers et des cow-boys : la p\u00e9dagogie aux Etats-Unis"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Notre vision de l\u2019universit\u00e9 am\u00e9ricaine est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement li\u00e9e aux s\u00e9ries ou aux teens movies\u00a0: campus grands comme des villes, larges couloirs bord\u00e9s de casiers m\u00e9talliques, salles de classe avec bureaux individuels, jolies pom-pom girls (mais pestes) et joueurs de football am\u00e9ricain muscl\u00e9s (mais nigauds). Et dans les salles de classe\u00a0: importante proximit\u00e9 avec les professeurs, choix des mati\u00e8res suivies, cours participatifs et QCM. Pour d\u00e9passer les clich\u00e9s et en savoir un peu plus sur l\u2019enseignement \u00e0 l\u2019am\u00e9ricaine, traversons ensemble l\u2019Atlantique\u00a0! <\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>A la carte\u00a0!<\/h3>\n<p>Avant la rentr\u00e9e des classes, les \u00e9tudiants doivent choisir les enseignements qu\u2019ils vont suivre durant l\u2019ann\u00e9e. C\u2019est la <em>shopping-week<\/em>. <strong>On fait son march\u00e9 pour concocter son programme personnalis\u00e9, en fonction de ses int\u00e9r\u00eats et de sa strat\u00e9gie de formation<\/strong>. Une aubaine pour les \u00e9tudiants un peu ind\u00e9cis qui peuvent mixer les mati\u00e8res et qui ne sont pas forc\u00e9s \u00e0 entrer dans un carcan, qui limiterait leurs possibilit\u00e9s d\u2019orientations futures. La notion de cursus \u00e0 la fran\u00e7aise, qui suppose de n\u2019\u00e9tudier que des mati\u00e8res d\u2019un m\u00eame univers, est donc inexistante. Cit\u00e9 par <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/orientation-scolaire\/article\/2011\/06\/17\/partir-etudier-aux-etats-unis-les-questions-a-se-poser_1536854_1473696.html\" target=\"_blank\">un article du Monde.fr<\/a>, Charlotte Godwin assure <em>\u00ab\u00a0Il est possible de totalement changer d&rsquo;avis sur son orientation une fois entr\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;universit\u00e9. Je me souviens d&rsquo;une amie qui a d\u00e9couvert les beaux-arts alors qu&rsquo;elle se croyait faite pour les sciences. Aujourd&rsquo;hui, elle illustre des livres scolaires de math\u00e9matiques.\u00a0\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n<h3>Une relation de proximit\u00e9 entre les \u00e9tudiants et le professeur<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Les professeurs sont particuli\u00e8rement disponibles pour les \u00e9tudiants,<\/strong> qui peuvent les solliciter \u00e0 tout moment. Et peu importe si le professeur est extr\u00eamement r\u00e9put\u00e9, un rendez-vous est toujours accord\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve dans un temps record. Une disponibilit\u00e9 qui d\u00e9coule certainement du contexte \u00e9conomique. En effet, le co\u00fbt de l\u2019universit\u00e9 est particuli\u00e8rement \u00e9lev\u00e9 au Etats-Unis (en moyenne, les \u00e9tudiants am\u00e9ricains d\u00e9pensent 13 000 \u20ac par an pour payer les frais de scolarit\u00e9 et le droit d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux \u00e9quipements du campus), ce qui induit une attente importante des \u00e9tudiants, qui souhaitent que l\u2019encadrement soit \u00e0 la mesure du service pay\u00e9. Une v\u00e9ritable relation client &#8211; prestataire en somme\u00a0!<\/p>\n<h3>Une p\u00e9dagogie de la discussion<\/h3>\n<p>Les enseignants sollicitent les \u00e9tudiants tout au long du cours. Le professeur n\u2019est pas suppos\u00e9 d\u00e9tenir le monopole du savoir. <strong>Chacun est reconnu comme ayant quelque chose \u00e0 apporter.<\/strong> D\u2019ailleurs comme le note B\u00e9a, du <a href=\"http:\/\/bealamericaine.over-blog.com\/article-33118898.html\" target=\"_blank\">blog Bealamericaine<\/a>, <i>\u00ab Le silence d&rsquo;une classe ou d&rsquo;un \u00e9l\u00e8ve sera interpr\u00e9t\u00e9 par un professeur comme une marque de stupidit\u00e9, d&rsquo;incompr\u00e9hension ou de manque d&rsquo;int\u00e9r\u00eat\u00a0\u00bb<\/i>. Les \u00e9tudiants peuvent ainsi d\u00e9fendre leur point de vue et d\u00e9velopper leur esprit critique. Cit\u00e9e par Emmanuel Vaillant, dans <a href=\"http:\/\/www.letudiant.fr\/educpros\/actualite\/harvard-et-mit-la-pedagogie-americaine-sous-le-regard-detudiants-francais.html\" target=\"_blank\">un article sur EducPros.fr<\/a>, Claire Poulizac, \u00e9tudiante au MIT, livre son t\u00e9moignage\u00a0: <em>\u00ab Il peut arriver qu\u2019il y ait des \u00e9changes tr\u00e8s vifs entre un prof et un \u00e9tudiant parce que la plupart des enseignants acceptent le d\u00e9bat. Mieux, ils l\u2019encouragent, \u00e9tant pr\u00eats \u00e0 \u00eatre d\u00e9fi\u00e9s, voire \u00e0 \u00eatre contredits. \u00bb \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Si le mod\u00e8le universitaire am\u00e9ricain semble particuli\u00e8rement s\u00e9duisant, il suscite tout de m\u00eame des critiques, notamment en France. On lui reproche les lacunes th\u00e9oriques des \u00e9tudiants qui n\u2019explorent pas les fondements historiques des disciplines, comme on le fait en France. Aux Etats-Unis, on favorise donc le questionnement et non l\u2019accumulation de savoirs d\u00e9connect\u00e9s de la r\u00e9alit\u00e9. A croire qu\u2019entre les t\u00eates bien pleines et les t\u00eates bien faites, les Etats-Unis ont choisi\u00a0!<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>Image tir\u00e9e du film \u00ab\u00a0Le cercle des po\u00e8tes disparus\u00a0\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Notre vision de l\u2019universit\u00e9 am\u00e9ricaine est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement li\u00e9e aux s\u00e9ries ou aux teens movies\u00a0: campus grands comme des villes, larges couloirs bord\u00e9s de casiers m\u00e9talliques, salles de classe avec bureaux individuels, jolies pom-pom girls (mais pestes) et joueurs de football am\u00e9ricain muscl\u00e9s (mais nigauds). Et dans les salles de classe\u00a0: importante proximit\u00e9 avec les professeurs,&#8230; <a class=\"view-article\" href=\"https:\/\/sydo.fr\/sydologie\/2014\/02\/luniversite-au-pays-des-burgers-et-des-cow-boys-la-pedagogie-aux-etats-unis\/\">Voir l&rsquo;article<\/a>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1653,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":[],"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[2],"tags":[408,504,887,1121],"class_list":["post-1652","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-le-mag","tag-enseignement-aux-etats-unis","tag-formation-universitaire-etats-unis","tag-pedagogie-aux-etats-unis","tag-systeme-educatif-americain"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>L\u2019universit\u00e9 au pays des burgers et des cow-boys : la p\u00e9dagogie aux Etats-Unis - Sydologie<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sydo.fr\/sydologie\/2014\/02\/luniversite-au-pays-des-burgers-et-des-cow-boys-la-pedagogie-aux-etats-unis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L\u2019universit\u00e9 au pays des burgers et des cow-boys : la p\u00e9dagogie aux Etats-Unis - Sydologie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Notre vision de l\u2019universit\u00e9 am\u00e9ricaine est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement li\u00e9e aux s\u00e9ries ou aux teens movies\u00a0: campus grands comme des villes, larges couloirs bord\u00e9s de casiers m\u00e9talliques, salles de classe avec bureaux individuels, jolies pom-pom girls (mais pestes) et joueurs de football am\u00e9ricain muscl\u00e9s (mais nigauds). 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