{"id":13054,"date":"2024-01-15T11:00:26","date_gmt":"2024-01-15T10:00:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sydologie.com\/?p=13054"},"modified":"2024-12-31T16:55:47","modified_gmt":"2024-12-31T15:55:47","slug":"prompt-engineering-guide-sydologie-chatgpt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sydo.fr\/sydologie\/2024\/01\/prompt-engineering-guide-sydologie-chatgpt\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu’est-ce que le prompt engineering ? – Guide Sydologie ChatGPT"},"content":{"rendered":"

Lors du dernier article du futur guide Sydologie ChatGPT<\/a><\/strong>, nous avons introduit la notion de LLM. Aujourd’hui, nous allons nous pencher sur celle de prompt engineering<\/strong>.
\n <\/p>\n

Le prompt engineering, k\u00e9zako ?<\/h2>\n

L’ing\u00e9nierie des prompts<\/strong>, ou prompt engineering en anglais, est une discipline relativement r\u00e9cente visant \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper et optimiser les prompts<\/strong> pour utiliser efficacement les mod\u00e8les de langage (LLM) dans un large \u00e9ventail d’applications et de sujets de recherche.
\n 
\nUn prompt, parfois appel\u00e9e requ\u00eate, est le texte fourni \u00e0 un mod\u00e8le avant qu’il ne commence \u00e0 g\u00e9n\u00e9rer une sortie.<\/strong> Il guide le mod\u00e8le<\/strong> pour explorer afin que le r\u00e9sultat soit pertinent par rapport \u00e0 vos objectifs. La plupart du temps, un prompt est une instruction ou une question, comme : \u201c Quelle est la capitale de la France\u201d ?
\n 
\nPar exemple, lorsque vous interagissez avec ChatGPT, il y a un prompt cach\u00e9<\/strong>, fourni par OPENAI (l\u2019entreprise derri\u00e8re ChatGPT) afin de guider cet outil en lui expliquant notamment qu\u2019il est un assistant de OPENAI, qu\u2019il doit r\u00e9pondre aux utilisateurs de mani\u00e8re concise, etc.
\n 
\nAinsi, le prompt engineering consiste \u00e0 concevoir des instructions, des questions ou des incitations (les \u00ab\u00a0prompts\u00a0\u00bb) qui guident les interactions<\/strong> entre utilisateurs et syst\u00e8mes de traitement du langage naturel (ChatGPT ou un autre LLM, comme LLAMA, BARD\u2026). Bref, c’est l’art et la science de formuler ces prompts de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 obtenir des r\u00e9ponses pr\u00e9cises, informatives et utiles de la part des syst\u00e8mes IA, bref, \u00e0 obtenir ce qu\u2019on est venu chercher.
\n 
\nContrairement \u00e0 une id\u00e9e re\u00e7ue, l’ing\u00e9nierie des prompts n’est pas uniquement une discipline technique ou professionnelle<\/strong>. Elle poss\u00e8de une dimension profond\u00e9ment acad\u00e9mique. De nombreux articles scientifiques sont consacr\u00e9s \u00e0 cette th\u00e9matique, t\u00e9moignant de l’int\u00e9r\u00eat grandissant de la communaut\u00e9 scientifique pour cette discipline. Les chercheurs explorent les meilleures m\u00e9thodes de formulation des prompts, les m\u00e9canismes sous-jacents des mod\u00e8les de langage, et comment optimiser ces interactions pour diverses applications.
\n <\/p>\n

Comment construit-on un bon prompt ?<\/h2>\n

 
\nUn prompt est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement compos\u00e9 de plusieurs \u00e9l\u00e9ments<\/strong>, dont notamment :
\n 
\n– Une instruction <\/strong>: une t\u00e2che sp\u00e9cifique ou une directive que vous souhaitez que le mod\u00e8le ex\u00e9cute. Par exemple : \u201cPropose-moi 10 sujets int\u00e9ressants sur le th\u00e8me de l\u2019\u00e9conomie\u201d ;
\n 
\n– Un contexte<\/strong> : des informations externes ou un contexte suppl\u00e9mentaire qui peut orienter le mod\u00e8le vers de meilleures r\u00e9ponses. Par exemple \u2018\u201cJe suis concepteur p\u00e9dagogique au sein de l\u2019entreprise X, je dois r\u00e9aliser une vid\u00e9o p\u00e9dagogique sur l\u2019\u00e9conomie pour des jeunes adultes, j\u2019ai besoin de 10 sujets sur l\u2019\u00e9conomie\u201d ;
\n 
\n– Un indicateur de sortie<\/strong> : le type ou le format de la r\u00e9ponse attendue. Par exemple : ajouter au prompt pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent \u201cdonne-moi les 10 sujets dans un tableau en les triant par complexit\u00e9\u201d.
\n 
\nA cela, il est possible d\u2019ajouter diff\u00e9rents param\u00e8tres :
\n 
\n– Un r\u00f4le<\/strong> (\u201cTu es un concepteur p\u00e9dagogique exp\u00e9riment\u00e9\u201d)
\n 
\n– Un style d\u2019\u00e9criture <\/strong>(\u201cTu \u00e9cris d\u2019une mani\u00e8re po\u00e9tique\u201d)
\n 
\n– Une proc\u00e9dure<\/strong> (\u201cD\u2019abord, tu me proposes 10 sujets, puis tu critiques ces sujets et propose des am\u00e9liorations\u201d)
\n 
\n– Des exemples<\/strong> (\u201cJ\u2019ai d\u00e9j\u00e0 identifi\u00e9 des sujets pour t\u2019inspirer :\u201d)
\n 
\nNous d\u00e9velopperons ces diff\u00e9rents points dans une prochaine partie : nous continuerons ainsi \u00e0 vulgariser l\u2019intelligence artificielle et ses applications dans le domaine de la formation afin de faciliter votre entr\u00e9e dans ce nouveau domaine d\u2019apprentissage<\/strong>. A tr\u00e8s bient\u00f4t.
\n 
\n 
\n 
\nPour lire les autres articles :
\n– Article 1 : Guide Sydologie ChatGPT : r\u00e9volutionner la p\u00e9dagogie avec l\u2019IA<\/strong><\/a>
\n– Article 2 : Qu\u2019est-ce que le prompt engineering ?<\/a><\/strong>
\n 
\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Lors du dernier article du futur guide Sydologie ChatGPT, nous avons introduit la notion de LLM. Aujourd’hui, nous allons nous pencher sur celle de prompt engineering.   Le prompt engineering, k\u00e9zako ? L’ing\u00e9nierie des prompts, ou prompt engineering en anglais, est une discipline relativement r\u00e9cente visant \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper et optimiser les prompts pour utiliser efficacement… Voir l’article<\/a>","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":13365,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":[],"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[2],"tags":[2051,1788,2086,2089],"class_list":["post-13054","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-le-mag","tag-chatgpt","tag-ia","tag-llm","tag-prompt-engineering"],"yoast_head":"\nLe prompt engineering - Guide Sydologie ChatGPT<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Pour bien utiliser ChatGPT, il faut lui fournir des bons prompts. 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