{"id":1299,"date":"2013-12-09T12:57:22","date_gmt":"2013-12-09T10:57:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sydologie.com\/?p=1299"},"modified":"2013-12-09T12:57:22","modified_gmt":"2013-12-09T10:57:22","slug":"temoignage-dun-prof-passionne","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sydo.fr\/sydologie\/2013\/12\/temoignage-dun-prof-passionne\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00e9moignage d\u2019un prof passionn\u00e9 !"},"content":{"rendered":"

On a tous eu au moins un prof qui nous a marqu\u00e9s, qui nous a appris \u00e0 aimer une mati\u00e8re et \u00e0 prendre du plaisir \u00e0 se creuser un peu la t\u00eate\u00a0! Et bien, c\u2019est ce type de prof que j\u2019ai rencontr\u00e9 et dont je souhaite vous rapporter le t\u00e9moignage, convaincue qu\u2019il est toujours enrichissant de partager les exp\u00e9riences pour multiplier les sources d\u2019inspiration\u00a0!<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Sylv\u00e8re Mat\u00e9os, 26 ans, est doctorant en \u00e9conomie de l\u2019\u00e9ducation et enseigne\u00a0 la macro\u00e9conomie \u00e0 Lyon 2. Passionn\u00e9 de p\u00e9dagogie, il r\u00e9sume sa vision du m\u00e9tier de professeur par la c\u00e9l\u00e8bre phrase de Jean-Jacques Rousseau\u00a0[1]<\/a>\u00a0:<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Jeune instituteur,\u00a0je vous\u00a0pr\u00eache un\u00a0art difficile, c’est de gouverner sans pr\u00e9ceptes, et de\u00a0tout faire\u00a0en\u00a0ne faisant rien. \u00bb<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Autrement dit, un bon p\u00e9dagogue doit s\u2019adapter \u00e0 son \u00e9l\u00e8ve (\u00ab\u00a0gouverner sans pr\u00e9ceptes\u00a0\u00bb<\/i>) et construire des situations d\u2019apprentissage qui l\u2019am\u00e8nent l\u00e0 o\u00f9 il souhaite qu\u2019il aille (\u00ab\u00a0tout faire\u00a0\u00bb<\/i>), sans jamais se mettre \u00e0 sa place pour apprendre (\u00ab\u00a0en ne faisant rien\u00a0\u00bb<\/i>). Il est en effet n\u00e9cessaire que la situation cr\u00e9\u00e9e laisse l\u2019apprenant libre de s\u2019engager dans la d\u00e9marche d\u2019apprentissage pour qu\u2019il s\u2019approprie r\u00e9ellement le savoir qu\u2019on lui transmet.\u00a0Pour atteindre ce difficile \u00e9quilibre, Sylv\u00e8re Mat\u00e9os construit ses cours sur la base de plusieurs principes.<\/p>\n

Le premier est de toujours donner du sens<\/b> \u00e0 ses cours\u00a0: il ne faut pas partir du postulat que le sujet int\u00e9resse forc\u00e9ment l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve, il faut au contraire lui en expliquer l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat pour lui donner envie d\u2019apprendre.<\/p>\n

Cela rejoint son deuxi\u00e8me principe, \u00e0 savoir que \u00ab\u00a0c\u2019est par la curiosit\u00e9 que l\u2019on peut stimuler les \u00e9tudiants<\/b><\/i>\u00a0<\/b>\u00bb. En effet, il estime que si chaque apprenant est diff\u00e9rent, ils partagent tous un point commun\u00a0: une curiosit\u00e9 naturelle. En \u00e9veillant cette curiosit\u00e9 (ou en la r\u00e9veillant), on peut amener l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 vouloir apprendre, \u00e0 entrer par lui-m\u00eame dans un processus d\u2019apprentissage.<\/p>\n

Troisi\u00e8me principe\u00a0: il est n\u00e9cessaire d\u2019\u00eatre exigeant<\/b> et de pousser l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir et \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper son esprit critique. Pour encourager les \u00e9tudiants \u00e0 se d\u00e9passer, il est n\u00e9cessaire de leur donner des incitations \u00e0 travailler\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0cela passe par des exercices accessibles car rien n\u2019est plus d\u00e9courageant que le sentiment de n\u2019\u00eatre pas capable de r\u00e9ussir. Il s\u2019agit aussi de valoriser la r\u00e9ussite, car contrairement \u00e0 ce que beaucoup de gens pensent, la motivation est une cons\u00e9quence de la r\u00e9ussite et non un pr\u00e9alable\u00a0<\/i>\u00bb. Enfin la contrainte, sous la forme d\u2019\u00e9valuations r\u00e9guli\u00e8res par exemple, est aussi n\u00e9cessaire pour l\u2019apprentissage. En effet, les \u00e9tudiants sont comme tout le monde, ils \u00ab\u00a0optimisent\u00a0\u00bb.<\/b> C\u2019est-\u00e0-dire qu\u2019ils cherchent toujours \u00e0 maximiser leurs plaisirs (les loisirs) et \u00e0 minimiser leurs peines (le travail) car \u00ab\u00a0on est tous curieux mais on est tous fain\u00e9ant\u00a0!\u00a0<\/i>\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Garder un haut niveau d\u2019exigence a trois avantages. D\u2019abord, c\u2019est gratifiant pour l\u2019apprenant, car \u00ab\u00a0\u00eatre exigeant c\u2019est penser que l\u2019autre est capable<\/i><\/b> \u00bb. Ensuite, en \u00e9tant stimul\u00e9 intellectuellement, l\u2019apprenant comprend et m\u00e9morise mieux parce qu\u2019il r\u00e9fl\u00e9chit et ainsi s\u2019approprie le sujet. Cela vaut pour l\u2019ensemble des \u00e9tudiants car \u00ab\u00a0en d\u00e9pit de ce que l\u2019on pourrait croire, m\u00eame ceux qui ne sont pas int\u00e9ress\u00e9s aiment \u00eatre stimul\u00e9s, \u00eatre pouss\u00e9s, car personne ne le fait\u00a0(\u2026) ils en redemandent, car c\u2019est valorisant de comprendre<\/i> \u00bb. Enfin, baisser le niveau d\u2019exigence, c\u2019est baisser la valeur du dipl\u00f4me<\/b> obtenu. Or, \u00ab\u00a0ce sont les dipl\u00f4mes universitaires qui permettent l\u2019ascension sociale. Pour qu\u2019ils servent \u00e0 quelque chose il faut prot\u00e9ger leur valeur. \u00bb<\/i><\/p>\n

Son dernier principe est de d\u00e9dramatiser l\u2019erreur<\/b>. Pour apprendre, il faut accepter de se tromper, d\u2019avancer par t\u00e2tonnements. Pour essayer de combattre la crainte de l\u2019erreur, souvent assimil\u00e9e depuis l\u2019enfance (au sein de l\u2019\u00e9cole, mais aussi de la famille), il n\u2019h\u00e9site pas \u00e0 reconna\u00eetre devant ses \u00e9tudiants qu\u2019il s\u2019est tromp\u00e9 ou qu\u2019il ignore la r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 telle ou telle question. Certains professeurs ont l\u2019impression que \u00ab\u00a0leur l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 est en jeu s\u2019ils admettent ne pas savoir\u00a0<\/i>\u00bb. De ce fait, ces derniers limitent les interactions avec les \u00e9tudiants, car permettre les remarques et les questions, c\u2019est prendre le risque d\u2019\u00eatre contredit, de devoir justifier ses id\u00e9es. Cela demande \u00e9galement d\u2019apprendre \u00e0 \u00eatre assez flexible<\/b> pour pouvoir d\u00e9vier du cours pr\u00e9vu et \u00e0 faire confiance \u00e0 sa capacit\u00e9 d\u2019adaptation et d\u2019improvisation. Cela n\u2019est pas toujours facile mais cela en vaut la peine car construire le cours avec les \u00e9tudiants repr\u00e9sente un r\u00e9el avantage : \u00ab\u00a0ils retiennent mieux, car on les force \u00e0 penser en m\u00eame temps que soi\u00a0<\/i>\u00bb. Dans cette logique de co-construction du cours, Sylv\u00e8re Mat\u00e9os pr\u00e9f\u00e8re d\u2019ailleurs \u00e9crire au tableau, plut\u00f4t que de r\u00e9diger son cours sur un PowerPoint qui impose un cheminement de pens\u00e9e et diminue la prise de notes par les \u00e9l\u00e8ves.<\/p>\n

Mais bien s\u00fbr le secret d\u2019un bon prof, avant les principes et les m\u00e9thodes, c\u2019est de prendre du plaisir \u00e0 enseigner. \u00ab\u00a0Il faut toujours arriver avec le sourire et la bonne humeur, \u00eatre enthousiaste et croire en ce que l\u2019on fait\u00a0<\/i><\/b>\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Le livre que nous conseille Sylv\u00e8re Mat\u00e9os\u00a0: Moi j\u2019enseigne mais eux apprennent-ils\u00a0?<\/i> de Michel Saint-Onge.<\/p>\n

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[1]<\/a> Phrase extraite de son trait\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9ducation Emile<\/i> (Livre II) publi\u00e9 en 1762.<\/p>\n

Source image<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"On a tous eu au moins un prof qui nous a marqu\u00e9s, qui nous a appris \u00e0 aimer une mati\u00e8re et \u00e0 prendre du plaisir \u00e0 se creuser un peu la t\u00eate\u00a0! Et bien, c\u2019est ce type de prof que j\u2019ai rencontr\u00e9 et dont je souhaite vous rapporter le t\u00e9moignage, convaincue qu\u2019il est toujours enrichissant… Voir l’article<\/a>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1303,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":[],"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[2],"tags":[406,437,950,1116],"class_list":["post-1299","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-le-mag","tag-enseignement","tag-etudiants","tag-professeur","tag-sylvere-mateos"],"yoast_head":"\nT\u00e9moignage d\u2019un prof passionn\u00e9 ! - Sydologie<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sydo.fr\/sydologie\/2013\/12\/temoignage-dun-prof-passionne\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"T\u00e9moignage d\u2019un prof passionn\u00e9 ! - Sydologie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"On a tous eu au moins un prof qui nous a marqu\u00e9s, qui nous a appris \u00e0 aimer une mati\u00e8re et \u00e0 prendre du plaisir \u00e0 se creuser un peu la t\u00eate\u00a0! 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