{"id":12218,"date":"2022-12-15T11:00:39","date_gmt":"2022-12-15T10:00:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sydologie.com\/?p=12218"},"modified":"2024-11-25T10:01:42","modified_gmt":"2024-11-25T09:01:42","slug":"les-biais-cognitifs-9-la-loi-du-marteau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sydo.fr\/sydologie\/2022\/12\/les-biais-cognitifs-9-la-loi-du-marteau\/","title":{"rendered":"LES BIAIS COGNITIFS #9 : LA LOI DU MARTEAU"},"content":{"rendered":"

Donnez un marteau \u00e0 un enfant, et il verra des clous partout<\/strong>, n\u2019est-ce pas ? Enfin\u2026 les enfants ont bon dos : cette histoire est \u00e9galement valable pour nous, les adultes !
\n 
\nEn effet, nous avons tendance \u00e0 utiliser toujours le m\u00eame outil<\/strong>, celui que l\u2019on conna\u00eet le mieux, pour faire les choses. Quand bien m\u00eame il ne serait pas le plus adapt\u00e9 \u00e0 la situation (mais pourquoi utilisez-vous Word pour faire la plaquette de pr\u00e9sentation de votre entreprise ???). Cette tendance a \u00e9t\u00e9 th\u00e9oris\u00e9e et porte le doux nom de \u201cLoi du marteau\u201d, \u201cLoi de l\u2019instrument\u201d ou encore \u201cMarteau de Maslow\u201d. <\/strong>
\n 
\n\u201cJ’imagine qu’il est tentant, si le seul outil dont vous disposiez est un marteau, de tout consid\u00e9rer comme un clou\u201d Abraham Maslow, en 1966.
\n <\/p>\n

Quel risque en tant que concepteur de formation (ou formateur) ?<\/h2>\n

 
\nLorsqu\u2019on imagine une formation en pr\u00e9sentiel, il peut nous arriver de privil\u00e9gier le m\u00eame brise-glace ou la m\u00eame activit\u00e9 qui fonctionne bien. De m\u00eame, lors de la conception d\u2019un e-learning, on peut avoir tendance \u00e0 utiliser le m\u00eame outil ou le m\u00eame m\u00e9canisme que l\u2019on conna\u00eet bien, et qui nous semble a priori convenir.<\/strong>
\n 
\nPar exemple : je sais qu\u2019avec le logiciel Storyline<\/strong> je peux r\u00e9aliser une activit\u00e9 d\u2019appariement utilisant un m\u00e9canisme de drag\u2019n\u2019drop (je l\u2019ai d\u00e9j\u00e0 fait plusieurs fois). Alors, d\u00e8s qu\u2019un des objectifs p\u00e9dagogiques est d\u2019associer deux \u00e9l\u00e9ments, cette activit\u00e9 avec cet outil me semble la plus appropri\u00e9e.
\n 
\nNous agissons ainsi sans forc\u00e9ment avoir un \u0153il neuf et faire le tour des outils \u00e0 notre disposition, ou sans m\u00eame se tourner vers de nouvelles choses que l\u2019on n\u2019aurait pas encore test\u00e9es. Ceci converge vers l\u2019id\u00e9e que l\u2019outil que nous utilisons n\u2019est pas forc\u00e9ment toujours le plus adapt\u00e9 malgr\u00e9 le fait que nous le ma\u00eetrisions bien.<\/strong>
\n <\/p>\n

D\u2019accord, mais est-ce si mal de fonctionner ainsi ?<\/h2>\n

 
\nComme dans le cas de la majorit\u00e9 de nos biais cognitifs, prendre de tels raccourcis n\u2019est pas absurde et nous permet, la plupart du temps, d\u2019\u00eatre efficace. <\/strong>En effet, apprendre \u00e0 utiliser un nouvel outil ou m\u00eame r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir \u00e0 une nouvelle activit\u00e9 prendrait bien souvent plus de temps.
\n 
\nDe plus, parfois (souvent) nous avons dans notre sac une palette restreinte d\u2019outils<\/strong> ! Certes, si j\u2019ai seulement une licence Storyline \u00e0 ma disposition, je ne peux pas tout imaginer puisque je ne pourrai pas forc\u00e9ment tout produire… Cependant, il est important de laisser libre cours \u00e0 son imagination et d\u2019essayer de produire en \u201ctordant les outils\u201d ou, en tout cas, de ne pas se sentir trop limit\u00e9 par ceux-ci.
\n <\/p>\n

Comment faire pour limiter cette tendance \u00e0 l\u2019inertie ?<\/h2>\n

 
\nAvoir conscience de ce biais permet de r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir \u00e0 nos pratiques et de mettre en place certaines m\u00e9thodes pour les am\u00e9liorer :
\n– Repartir du cadre de d\u00e9part<\/strong> (qui est diff\u00e9rent pour chaque formation) donc se poser les questions sur le contexte, l\u2019objectif, le public cible, et non pas partir des outils \u00e0 notre disposition. Ne pas prendre directement marteau.
\n– Commencer notre conception p\u00e9dagogique comme si on \u00e9tait lib\u00e9r\u00e9 de toute contingence mat\u00e9rielle<\/strong>, pour ensuite trouver l\u2019outil adapt\u00e9.
\n– Faire de la veille<\/strong>, aller s\u2019inspirer ailleurs et s\u2019ouvrir des perspectives.
\n <\/p>\n

La loi du marteau, invers\u00e9e ?<\/h2>\n

 
\nChez Sydo, nous avons tendance \u00e0 faire l\u2019inverse (\u00ab\u00a0La loi de l’homme-orchestre ?) !<\/strong> En effet, nous r\u00e9alisons des formations sur-mesure et nous r\u00e9fl\u00e9chissons souvent en repartant de z\u00e9ro (il faut dire que l\u2019on aime la nouveaut\u00e9)\u2026 alors que parfois il serait plus judicieux d\u2019utiliser des choses d\u00e9j\u00e0 produites.
\n 
\nBref, il n\u2019y a pas de recette magique ni d\u2019outil qui marche pour tout<\/strong>. On le sait ! Alors n\u2019h\u00e9sitons pas \u00e0 \u00e9largir notre caisse \u00e0 outils autant que possible et \u00e0 essayer de nous en lib\u00e9rer le plus possible, dans un premier temps en tout cas.
\n 
\n 
\nSi ce sujet vous int\u00e9resse, voici les principaux ouvrages des deux auteurs auxquels on attribue cette th\u00e9orie :
\n– The Psychology of Science: A Reconnaissance, Abraham Maslow (1966)
\n– The Conduct of Inquiry, Abraham Kaplan (1964)<\/em>
\n 
\n 
\n 
\nPour lire tous les articles de la s\u00e9rie, c’est ci-dessous :
\n– Les biais cognitifs #1 : Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019un biais cognitif ?<\/a>
\n– Les biais cognitifs #2 : L\u2019effet de halo<\/a>
\n– Les biais cognitifs #3 : L\u2019effet IKEA<\/a>
\n– Les biais cognitifs #4 : Le biais de complexit\u00e9<\/a>
\n– LES BIAIS COGNITIFS #5 : LA MALEDICTION DE LA CONNAISSANCE<\/a>
\n– LES BIAIS COGNITIFS #6 : LE BIAIS DE NEGATIVITE<\/a>
\n– LES BIAIS COGNITIFS #7 : L\u2019EFFET VON RESTORFF<\/a>
\n– LES BIAIS COGNITIFS #8 : LE BIAIS DE STATU QUO<\/a>
\n– LES BIAIS COGNITIFS #9 : LA LOI DU MARTEAU<\/a>
\n– LES BIAIS COGNITIFS #10 : L\u2019EFFET DUNNING-KRUGER<\/a>
\n– LES BIAIS COGNITIFS #11 : L\u2019ERREUR FONDAMENTALE D\u2019ATTRIBUTION<\/a><\/strong>
\n 
\n 
\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Donnez un marteau \u00e0 un enfant, et il verra des clous partout, n\u2019est-ce pas ? Enfin\u2026 les enfants ont bon dos : cette histoire est \u00e9galement valable pour nous, les adultes !   En effet, nous avons tendance \u00e0 utiliser toujours le m\u00eame outil, celui que l\u2019on conna\u00eet le mieux, pour faire les choses. Quand… Voir l’article<\/a>","protected":false},"author":47,"featured_media":12867,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":[],"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[2],"tags":[1816,490,2035,1699],"class_list":["post-12218","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-le-mag","tag-biais-cognitif","tag-formation","tag-habitude","tag-outil"],"yoast_head":"\nLES BIAIS COGNITIFS #9 : LA LOI DU MARTEAU - Sydologie<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sydo.fr\/sydologie\/2022\/12\/les-biais-cognitifs-9-la-loi-du-marteau\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"LES BIAIS COGNITIFS #9 : LA LOI DU MARTEAU - Sydologie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Donnez un marteau \u00e0 un enfant, et il verra des clous partout, n\u2019est-ce pas ? 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