{"id":11874,"date":"2022-10-06T11:00:40","date_gmt":"2022-10-06T09:00:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sydologie.com\/?p=11874"},"modified":"2024-11-22T11:44:01","modified_gmt":"2024-11-22T10:44:01","slug":"motivation-et-apprentissage-lautodetermination","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sydo.fr\/sydologie\/2022\/10\/motivation-et-apprentissage-lautodetermination\/","title":{"rendered":"Motivation et apprentissage : l\u2019autod\u00e9termination"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nous avons souvent abord\u00e9 la question de la motivation dans nos articles. C\u2019est un des sujets les plus \u00e9tudi\u00e9s en psychologie et il existe des milliers de th\u00e9ories sur la motivation. Et pour cause, l\u2019enjeu est crucial : que motivent nos actions humaines ?<\/strong> Pourquoi suis-je parti \u00e9lever des moutons dans la Creuse ? Qu\u2019est-ce qui m\u2019a pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 faire cela ? (Attention, je ne d\u00e9nigre pas ce beau m\u00e9tier ni ce magnifique d\u00e9partement).
\n 
\nQuand on pense plus sp\u00e9cifiquement \u00e0 l\u2019apprentissage, alors, la motivation devient le Graal de tout formateur.<\/strong> Un apprenant motiv\u00e9 c\u2019est du caviar. Un apprenant motiv\u00e9, c\u2019est un apprenant engag\u00e9, curieux et proactif dans son apprentissage. Initiative personnelle, pers\u00e9v\u00e9rance et adaptation sont ainsi les caract\u00e9ristiques distinctives des personnes engag\u00e9es et motiv\u00e9es dans un apprentissage.
\n 
\nComme vous l\u2019avez compris, la motivation est centrale dans le domaine de la formation<\/strong> et plus globalement pour transmettre des savoirs. Aujourd\u2019hui, afin de continuer \u00e0 creuser ce sujet, je voulais donc faire le point sur une th\u00e9orie dominante portant sur la motivation : la th\u00e9orie de l\u2019autod\u00e9termination (Deci et Ryan 1985).
\n <\/p>\n

Bon allez, tu la craches ta th\u00e9orie !<\/h2>\n

 
\nVia cette th\u00e9orie, Deci et Ryan soutiennent que l\u2019apprenant a un besoin fondamental de se sentir autod\u00e9termin\u00e9<\/strong>, d\u2019avoir le choix. Trois besoins sont alors cruciaux :
\n 
\n\u2022\tLe besoin de comp\u00e9tences<\/strong>, se sentir efficace dans les interactions que l\u2019on a avec les autres, d\u2019exprimer ses capacit\u00e9s,
\n\u2022\tLe besoin d\u2019autonomie<\/strong>, se sentir \u00eatre l\u2019origine ou la source de ses propres comportements,
\n\u2022\tLe besoin d\u2019affiliation<\/strong>, de se sentir connect\u00e9 aux autres, avoir un sentiment d\u2019appartenance avec ses pairs.
\n 
\nAu sein de cette th\u00e9orie, trois types de motivation sont alors d\u00e9crites : la motivation intrins\u00e8que, la motivation extrins\u00e8que et l\u2019amotivation.<\/strong>
\n 
\n– La motivation intrins\u00e8que est \u00e0 l\u2019\u0153uvre lorsqu\u2019on r\u00e9alise une activit\u00e9 parce qu\u2019on la trouve int\u00e9ressante et qu\u2019elle nous apporte satisfaction ou plaisir. L\u2019activit\u00e9 en elle-m\u00eame permet la satisfaction de l\u2019individu<\/strong>. La motivation est issue du dispositif de l\u2019activit\u00e9 et suffit \u00e0 g\u00e9n\u00e9rer l\u2019envie chez le sujet.
\n 
\n– La motivation extrins\u00e8que est utilis\u00e9e lorsqu\u2019un individu entreprend une activit\u00e9 en fonction d\u2019une cons\u00e9quence qui lui est ext\u00e9rieure.<\/strong> Parmi les exemples les plus \u00e9vidents de motivation extrins\u00e8que figure le cas o\u00f9 l\u2019individu agit avant tout pour obtenir une r\u00e9compense ou pour \u00e9viter une punition. La source de contr\u00f4le est externe mais peut \u00eatre autod\u00e9termin\u00e9e, par exemple par le poids des normes \u00ab\u00a0Je fais cette activit\u00e9 car la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 me demande de le faire\u201d.
\n 
\n– L\u2019amotivation : lorsque l’individu ne per\u00e7oit pas de relation entre ses actions et les r\u00e9sultats obtenus<\/strong>.
\n 
\nLes motivations intrins\u00e8ques et extrins\u00e8ques sont non cumulatives.<\/strong> En effet, ajouter une motivation extrins\u00e8que \u00e0 une activit\u00e9 diminue g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement la motivation intrins\u00e8que. Dans la th\u00e9orie de l\u2019autod\u00e9termination, plusieurs processus psychologiques interviennent pour expliquer le passage d\u2019une motivation extrins\u00e8que \u00e0 une motivation intrins\u00e8que, ce passage s\u2019op\u00e9rant \u00e0 travers la satisfaction des besoins fondamentaux de l\u2019individu. Ainsi, si ces besoins ne sont pas satisfaits, la motivation extrins\u00e8que restera la seule source de motivation de l\u2019activit\u00e9.
\n 
\n 
\nApr\u00e8s avoir pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 cette th\u00e9orie, il s\u2019agit d\u2019envisager comment rendre une activit\u00e9 motivante intrins\u00e8quement.<\/strong> Et \u00e7a tombe bien, cela sera le sujet de nos prochains articles ! \u00c0 bient\u00f4t.
\n 
\n 
\n 
\n 
\nSi vous voulez d\u00e9couvrir d’autres articles sur le sujet :
\n– Motivation et apprentissage : allez les gars, on est chaud !<\/a>
\n– Motivation et apprentissage : le cas controvers\u00e9 de la r\u00e9compense<\/a><\/strong>
\n 
\n 
\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Nous avons souvent abord\u00e9 la question de la motivation dans nos articles. C\u2019est un des sujets les plus \u00e9tudi\u00e9s en psychologie et il existe des milliers de th\u00e9ories sur la motivation. Et pour cause, l\u2019enjeu est crucial : que motivent nos actions humaines ? Pourquoi suis-je parti \u00e9lever des moutons dans la Creuse ? Qu\u2019est-ce… Voir l’article<\/a>","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":11877,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":[],"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[2],"tags":[71,173,490,796,1999],"class_list":["post-11874","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-le-mag","tag-apprentissage","tag-cerveau","tag-formation","tag-motivation","tag-plaisir"],"yoast_head":"\nMotivation et apprentissage : l\u2019autod\u00e9termination - Sydologie<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sydo.fr\/sydologie\/2022\/10\/motivation-et-apprentissage-lautodetermination\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Motivation et apprentissage : l\u2019autod\u00e9termination - Sydologie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Nous avons souvent abord\u00e9 la question de la motivation dans nos articles. 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C\u2019est un des sujets les plus \u00e9tudi\u00e9s en psychologie et il existe des milliers de th\u00e9ories sur la motivation. Et pour cause, l\u2019enjeu est crucial : que motivent nos actions humaines ? Pourquoi suis-je parti \u00e9lever des moutons dans la Creuse ? Qu\u2019est-ce... 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Tout ne marche pas toujours mais j\u2019essaie de m\u2019adapter en fonction des r\u00e9actions de mes apprenants. Dipl\u00f4m\u00e9 EMLyon \u00e0 26 ans, j'ai cr\u00e9\u00e9, convaincu que chacun peut apprendre avec les bonnes m\u00e9thodes. Cinq ans plus tard, je confiais Sydo \u00e0 Clarence Thiery pour lancer Tilkee, un logiciel de relance commerciale. Mais fin 2019, je quittais Tilkee, vir\u00e9 par mes investisseurs. Alors je suis revenu \u00e0 mes premi\u00e8res amours : Sydo et la p\u00e9dagogie. 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