{"id":11520,"date":"2022-05-16T11:00:23","date_gmt":"2022-05-16T09:00:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sydologie.com\/?p=11520"},"modified":"2022-06-02T10:47:07","modified_gmt":"2022-06-02T08:47:07","slug":"pedagogo-47-johann-heinrich-pestalozzi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sydo.fr\/sydologie\/2022\/05\/pedagogo-47-johann-heinrich-pestalozzi\/","title":{"rendered":"PEDAGOGO #47 – JOHANN HEINRICH PESTALOZZI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Chaque lundi, nous vous proposons de voyager dans l\u2019Histoire de la p\u00e9dagogie, \u00e0 travers les portraits des plus grand.e.s p\u00e9dagogues et th\u00e9oricien.e.s<\/strong> qui ont influenc\u00e9 nos mod\u00e8les contemporains.
\n <\/p>\n

Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, c\u2019est qui ?!<\/h2>\n

 
\n\"\"
\n 
\nJohann Heinrich Pestalozzi est un p\u00e9dagogue Suisse-allemand<\/strong> qui a v\u00e9cu entre 1746 et 1827. Enfant, il accompagne souvent son grand-p\u00e8re pasteur dans les \u00e9coles de campagne et d\u00e9couvre ainsi la mis\u00e8re des populations paysannes. Apr\u00e8s des premi\u00e8res \u00e9tudes en th\u00e9ologie, il subit l\u2019influence des ouvrages de Jean-Jacques Rousseau<\/strong> et s\u2019int\u00e9resse alors au droit et \u00e0 la politique.<\/p>\n

En 1769, il s\u2019installe \u00e0 la campagne, \u00e0 Neuhof dans les alentours de Z\u00fcrich, o\u00f9 il monte une premi\u00e8re \u00e9cole pour les pauvres. Il leur apprend le filage et le tissage de la laine, avec pour objectifs de les rendre autonomes<\/strong> et capables de prendre leur vie en main. L\u2019entreprise ruine progressivement la famille Pestalozzi et l\u2019\u00e9cole doit fermer en 1779. <\/p>\n

Il reste \u00e0 Neuhof et \u00e9crit alors de nombreux livres exprimant ses id\u00e9es sur la politique et l\u2019\u00e9ducation.<\/strong> Dans son roman Leonard et Gertrude, le pasteur et l\u2019instituteur d\u2019un village prennent exemple sur une m\u00e8re de famille, Gertrude, qui applique des m\u00e9thodes \u00e9ducatives efficaces. Ils obtiennent ensuite le soutien d\u2019un politicien pour les aider a appliquer ces m\u00e9thodes au plus grand nombre. Si ce roman rencontre un certain succ\u00e8s, ses autres livres restent relativement ignor\u00e9s par le grand public \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque. <\/p>\n

C\u2019est seulement \u00e0 partir de 1798 que Pestalozzi a r\u00e9ellement l\u2019occasion de mettre en pratique ses th\u00e9ories \u00e9ducatives. Il est d\u00e9sign\u00e9 par le gouvernement suisse pour diriger un orphelinat \u00e0 Stans puis une \u00e9cole \u00e0 Berthoud et enfin un pensionnat \u00e0 Yverdon. C\u2019est dans ce dernier \u00e9tablissement qu\u2019il met concr\u00e8tement en pratique sa p\u00e9dagogie qui repose sur 3 piliers : la t\u00eate, les mains et le c\u0153ur.<\/strong><\/p>\n

–\tLa t\u00eate<\/strong> repr\u00e9sente le d\u00e9veloppement intellectuel de l\u2019enfant, sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 raisonner par lui-m\u00eame et \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper un sens critique.<\/p>\n

–\tLes mains<\/strong> concernent l\u2019apprentissage par l\u2019action. Pestalozzi croit fermement \u00e0 la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 pour l\u2019enfant d\u2019apprendre en faisant et en \u00e9tant physiquement actif. Tout l\u2019apprentissage de Pestalozzi consiste \u00e0 partir du concret pour aller vers l\u2019abstrait, de ce qui est visible et observable pour aller vers la th\u00e9orie. <\/p>\n

–\tLe c\u0153ur<\/strong> repr\u00e9sente le d\u00e9veloppement moral et \u00e9motionnel de l\u2019enfant. Convaincu que l\u2019amour et l\u2019affection sont n\u00e9cessaires au bon d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019enfant, il fait r\u00e9gner la bienveillance dans ses classes, pour y assurer une certaine \u00ab s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e9motionnelle \u00bb.
\n 
\nPestalozzi veut d\u00e9velopper les facult\u00e9s inn\u00e9es de l\u2019enfant (son \u00e9tat de nature, petit clin d\u2019\u0153il \u00e0 Rousseau), et lui apprendre \u00e0 construire lui-m\u00eame sa pens\u00e9e et ses comp\u00e9tences.<\/strong> L\u2019\u00e9ducateur intervient alors pour aider chaque \u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 se d\u00e9velopper, selon ses besoins.
\n <\/p>\n

Et Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, \u00e7a donne quoi aujourd’hui ?<\/h2>\n

 
\nSon institution \u00e0 Yverzon conna\u00eet un grand succ\u00e8s et de nombreux p\u00e9dagogues viennent y \u00e9tudier ses m\u00e9thodes.<\/strong> C\u2019est le cas notamment de Johann Friedrich Herbart ou encore de Friedrich Fr\u00f6bel, que nous vous pr\u00e9sentions la semaine derni\u00e8re et qui a largement contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 la diffusion des id\u00e9es de Pestalozzi.<\/p>\n

Dans sa p\u00e9dagogie, Pestalozzi met l\u2019enfant au centre de son propre apprentissage<\/strong>, il l\u2019aide \u00e0 apprendre et \u00e0 faire par lui-m\u00eame. Cette approche r\u00e9volutionnaire, pour l\u2019\u00e9poque, inspirera de nombreux mouvements tr\u00e8s connus et valoris\u00e9s aujourd\u2019hui : on citera, encore et toujours, Maria Montessori comme exemple d\u2019h\u00e9riti\u00e8re de ce courant de pens\u00e9e.
\n <\/p>\n

Quelques ouvrages de Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi \u00e0 consulter :<\/h2>\n

 
\n– L\u00e9onard et Gertrude (1781-1787)
\n–\tMes recherches sur la marche de la nature dans le d\u00e9veloppement du genre humain (1797)
\n–\tComment Gertrude instruit ses enfants (1801)
\n–\tLe Livre des m\u00e8res (1803) <\/em>
\n 
\n 
\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Chaque lundi, nous vous proposons de voyager dans l\u2019Histoire de la p\u00e9dagogie, \u00e0 travers les portraits des plus grand.e.s p\u00e9dagogues et th\u00e9oricien.e.s qui ont influenc\u00e9 nos mod\u00e8les contemporains.   Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, c\u2019est qui ?!     Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi est un p\u00e9dagogue Suisse-allemand qui a v\u00e9cu entre 1746 et 1827. Enfant, il accompagne souvent… Voir l’article<\/a>","protected":false},"author":49,"featured_media":10204,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":[],"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[2],"tags":[1530,786,882,1811],"class_list":["post-11520","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-le-mag","tag-enfants","tag-montessori","tag-pedagogie","tag-pedagogue"],"yoast_head":"\nPEDAGOGO #47 - JOHANN HEINRICH PESTALOZZI - Sydologie<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sydo.fr\/sydologie\/2022\/05\/pedagogo-47-johann-heinrich-pestalozzi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PEDAGOGO #47 - JOHANN HEINRICH PESTALOZZI - Sydologie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Chaque lundi, nous vous proposons de voyager dans l\u2019Histoire de la p\u00e9dagogie, \u00e0 travers les portraits des plus grand.e.s p\u00e9dagogues et th\u00e9oricien.e.s qui ont influenc\u00e9 nos mod\u00e8les contemporains.   Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, c\u2019est qui ?!     Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi est un p\u00e9dagogue Suisse-allemand qui a v\u00e9cu entre 1746 et 1827. 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