{"id":10999,"date":"2021-11-22T11:00:39","date_gmt":"2021-11-22T10:00:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sydologie.com\/?p=10999"},"modified":"2021-11-29T10:13:22","modified_gmt":"2021-11-29T09:13:22","slug":"pedagogo-29-maria-grzegorzewska","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sydo.fr\/sydologie\/2021\/11\/pedagogo-29-maria-grzegorzewska\/","title":{"rendered":"PEDAGOGO #29 – MARIA GRZEGORZEWSKA"},"content":{"rendered":"

Chaque lundi, nous vous proposons de voyager dans l\u2019Histoire de la p\u00e9dagogie, \u00e0 travers les portraits des plus grands p\u00e9dagogues et th\u00e9oriciens<\/strong> qui ont influenc\u00e9 nos mod\u00e8les contemporains.
\n <\/p>\n

Grzegorzewska, c\u2019est qui ?!<\/h2>\n

\"\"
\n 
\nN\u00e9e 18 avril 1888 \u00e0 Wolucza, petit village polonais \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re avec la Lituanie, Maria Grzegorzewska est \u00e0 la fois une travailleuse sociale, une des fondatrices du syst\u00e8me \u00e9ducatif polonais moderne et une scientifique reconnue <\/strong>(mais aussi une r\u00e9sistante \u00e0 l\u2019occupation nazie !).<\/p>\n

Maria Grzegorzewska a grandi dans une exploitation agricole dirig\u00e9e par son p\u00e8re. Celui-ci a toujours lutt\u00e9 pour un traitement plus humain des travailleurs agricoles que ce soit dans son exploitation ou dans celles alentour, ce qui marque durablement Maria Grzegorzewska. Celle-ci est aussi fortement influenc\u00e9e par la mani\u00e8re dont sa m\u00e8re est impliqu\u00e9e dans des projets sociaux \u00e0 destination des habitants de leur village. Les besoins des autres sont ainsi au centre de ses pr\u00e9occupations d\u00e8s son plus jeune \u00e2ge.<\/strong> <\/p>\n

Tr\u00e8s t\u00f4t, pendant ses \u00e9tudes \u00e0 Varsovie, elle s\u2019implique socialement et politiquement en fournissant notamment une \u00e9ducation aux ouvriers.<\/strong> Malheureusement, ses activit\u00e9s am\u00e8nent la police militaire \u00e0 \u00e9vacuer Maria Grzegorzewska de l\u2019actuelle capitale polonaise. Elle voyage alors \u00e9norm\u00e9ment pour poursuivre ses \u00e9tudes (Lituanie, Cracovie, Bruxelles, Londres, Paris, etc.). <\/p>\n

C\u2019est au cours de ses \u00e9tudes \u00e0 la Sorbonne, et \u00e0 la suite d\u2019une visite \u00e0 l\u2019h\u00f4pital de Bic\u00eatre o\u00f9 sont soign\u00e9es des personnes dites alors \u00ab arri\u00e9r\u00e9es \u00bb, que Maria Grzegorzewska d\u00e9cide de d\u00e9dier sa vie \u00e0 une cat\u00e9gorie particuli\u00e8re de personnes dans le besoin et fortement ostracis\u00e9e : les enfants handicap\u00e9s. <\/strong><\/p>\n

En 1919, elle revient dans la toute nouvelle R\u00e9publique polonaise pour cr\u00e9er, et diriger jusqu\u2019\u00e0 sa mort en 1967, un syst\u00e8me national d\u2019institutions destin\u00e9es aux handicap\u00e9s<\/strong> \u00e0 partir des id\u00e9es qu\u2019elle avait commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 exposer dans son article \u00ab De la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019organiser une \u00e9ducation sp\u00e9ciale pour les enfants handicap\u00e9s \u00bb. <\/p>\n

Son objectif \u00e9tait de r\u00e9pondre aux besoins des personnes handicap\u00e9es mais aussi et surtout de permettre \u00e0 ces derniers de jouer un r\u00f4le utile dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et d\u2019\u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme les autres. <\/strong>
\n <\/p>\n

Et Grzegorzewska \u00e7a donne quoi aujourd\u2019hui ?<\/h2>\n

 
\nPour elle, l\u2019approche pour \u00e9duquer les personnes handicap\u00e9es et ainsi aider \u00e0 leur insertion sociale et professionnelle<\/strong> \u2013 approche qu\u2019elle s\u2019efforcera d\u2019appliquer dans le cadre de l\u2019Institut d\u2019\u00c9tat d\u2019\u00e9ducation sp\u00e9ciale qu\u2019elle cr\u00e9e en 1922 \u2013 devait \u00eatre holistique<\/strong> :
\n 
\n\u2022\tS\u2019il est n\u00e9cessaire dans le cadre de l\u2019\u00e9ducation sp\u00e9ciale d\u2019\u00e9tudier les d\u00e9ficiences de l\u2019enfant handicap\u00e9, il faut aussi identifier les \u00e9l\u00e9ments dits \u00ab sains \u00bb, \u00e9l\u00e9ments qui doivent \u00eatre d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et utilis\u00e9s pour combler ses d\u00e9ficiences<\/strong>. Ainsi, l\u2019\u00e9valuation des enfants handicap\u00e9s doit \u00eatre globale mais le suivi doit \u00eatre individualis\u00e9 pour mieux r\u00e9pondre aux besoins de chacun ;
\n 
\n\u2022\tSi l\u2019\u00e9ducation sp\u00e9ciale a pour vocation d\u2019\u00e9duquer les individus en situation de handicap, elle doit aussi avoir comme objectif de permettre la r\u00e9adaptation sociale de ceux-ci<\/strong>. Ainsi Maria Grzegorzewska expliquait-elle : \u00ab l\u2019objectif ultime [\u2026] est de donner autant que possible aux handicap\u00e9s le sentiment d\u2019\u00eatre normaux, de les former, de leur inculquer les connaissances et les comp\u00e9tences n\u00e9cessaires pour qu\u2019ils puissent faire un travail utile \u00e0 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00bb ;
\n 
\n\u2022\tIl faut associer l\u2019environnement et faire participer la personne en situation de handicap \u00e0 la vie du milieu qui l\u2019entoure<\/strong>, en m\u00ealant activit\u00e9s intellectuelles et physiques, mais aussi sensibiliser ce milieu, notamment la famille, pour cr\u00e9er des conditions favorables \u00e0 l\u2019adaptation sociale ;
\n 
\n\u2022\tLes \u00e9ducateurs vou\u00e9s \u00e0 s\u2019occuper des personnes en situation de handicap doivent \u00eatre form\u00e9s sp\u00e9cifiquement<\/strong> \u00e0 l\u2019accompagnement de ce public particulier.
\n 
\nMaria Grzegorzewska a ainsi laiss\u00e9 un important legs \u00e0 la p\u00e9dagogie : elle est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme la fondatrice d\u2019une toute nouvelle branche de l\u2019\u00e9ducation, l\u2019\u00e9ducation sp\u00e9ciale. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Mais Maria Grzegorzewska est aussi connue et reconnue pour ses recherches et son travail sur la formation des enseignants<\/strong>, et notamment dans ses diff\u00e9rentes \u00ab Lettres pour un jeune professeur \u00bb. Pour elle, un enseignant doit \u00eatre profond\u00e9ment bon et moral, mu par une volont\u00e9 de servir la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. L\u2019enseignant forme les humains, et ce que deviendra un individu d\u00e9pend parfois fortement des enseignements qu\u2019il recevra. <\/p>\n

Ainsi, il doit \u00eatre sans arr\u00eat \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9coute de ses \u00e9l\u00e8ves mais aussi se renouveler.<\/strong> En effet, l\u2019enseignement ne peut \u00eatre routinier, l\u2019enseignant ne peut se reposer sur ses acquis, il doit se former tous les jours, \u00eatre ouvert sur le monde et cr\u00e9atif, et doit constamment lier recherche et enseignement. <\/p>\n

C\u2019est cette croyance qui pousse Maria Grzegorzewska \u00e0 cr\u00e9er l\u2019Institut des enseignants de l\u2019\u00c9tat<\/strong> en 1930, vou\u00e9 \u00e0 faire monter en comp\u00e9tences les enseignants via la formation continue. <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Quelques ouvrages de Maria Grzegorzewska \u00e0 consulter :<\/h2>\n

\u2022\tPrise en charge \u00e9ducative des enfants aveugles et sourds
\n\u2022\tLettres pour un jeune professeur <\/em>(24 lettres regroup\u00e9es en 3 volumes)
\n\u2022\tLe ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne de compensation chez les aveugles et les sourds
\n\u2022\tAnalyse des cas de compensation chez les personnes atteintes de surdit\u00e9 et chez les personnes muettes<\/em>
\n 
\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Chaque lundi, nous vous proposons de voyager dans l\u2019Histoire de la p\u00e9dagogie, \u00e0 travers les portraits des plus grands p\u00e9dagogues et th\u00e9oriciens qui ont influenc\u00e9 nos mod\u00e8les contemporains.   Grzegorzewska, c\u2019est qui ?!   N\u00e9e 18 avril 1888 \u00e0 Wolucza, petit village polonais \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re avec la Lituanie, Maria Grzegorzewska est \u00e0 la fois… Voir l’article<\/a>","protected":false},"author":41,"featured_media":10204,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":[],"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[2],"tags":[7,1919,1918,882],"class_list":["post-10999","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-le-mag","tag-accessibilite","tag-education-speciale","tag-handicap","tag-pedagogie"],"yoast_head":"\nPEDAGOGO #29 - MARIA GRZEGORZEWSKA - Sydologie<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sydo.fr\/sydologie\/2021\/11\/pedagogo-29-maria-grzegorzewska\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PEDAGOGO #29 - MARIA GRZEGORZEWSKA - Sydologie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Chaque lundi, nous vous proposons de voyager dans l\u2019Histoire de la p\u00e9dagogie, \u00e0 travers les portraits des plus grands p\u00e9dagogues et th\u00e9oriciens qui ont influenc\u00e9 nos mod\u00e8les contemporains.   Grzegorzewska, c\u2019est qui ?!   N\u00e9e 18 avril 1888 \u00e0 Wolucza, petit village polonais \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re avec la Lituanie, Maria Grzegorzewska est \u00e0 la fois... 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