{"id":10881,"date":"2021-09-06T11:00:12","date_gmt":"2021-09-06T09:00:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sydologie.com\/?p=10881"},"modified":"2021-09-06T10:05:42","modified_gmt":"2021-09-06T08:05:42","slug":"pedagogo-24-john-dewey","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sydo.fr\/sydologie\/2021\/09\/pedagogo-24-john-dewey\/","title":{"rendered":"PEDAGOGO #24 – JOHN DEWEY"},"content":{"rendered":"

Chaque lundi, nous vous proposons de voyager dans l\u2019Histoire de la p\u00e9dagogie, \u00e0 travers les portraits des plus grands p\u00e9dagogues et th\u00e9oriciens<\/strong> qui ont influenc\u00e9 nos mod\u00e8les contemporains.<\/p>\n

John Dewey, c\u2019est qui ?!<\/h2>\n

\"\"
\nN\u00e9 le 20 octobre 1859 \u00e0 Burlington, dans le Vermont, aux Etats-Unis, et mort le 1er juin 1952 \u00e0 New York, John Dewey est un psychologue et philosophe am\u00e9ricain appartenant au courant pragmatiste<\/strong> pour qui penser une id\u00e9e, donner un sens \u00e0 une chose revient \u00e0 d\u00e9finir l\u2019ensemble de ses implications pratiques. <\/p>\n

Ce th\u00e9oricien de la d\u00e9mocratie d\u00e9die une importante partie de sa vie \u00e0 son engagement politique et social. Il se d\u00e9tache de la philosophie dite \u00ab classique \u00bb, qu\u2019il voit comme celle des classes dominantes, et d\u00e9finit la philosophie comme un instrument de transformation collective du monde. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Il est aussi \u00e0 l\u2019initiative de la cr\u00e9ation du \u00ab social-lib\u00e9ralisme \u00bb anglais, mouvement qui replace l\u2019individu au sein de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 dans laquelle il \u00e9volue. Pour lui, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 est in\u00e9galitaire et les transactions et interactions entre individus doivent \u00eatre r\u00e9gul\u00e9es afin d\u2019accro\u00eetre les \u00ab capabilit\u00e9s \u00bb des individus<\/strong>, autrement dit leur \u00ab libert\u00e9 effective \u00bb (celle dont chacun peut r\u00e9ellement jouir) gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me redistributif et protecteur.<\/p>\n

John Dewey a beaucoup \u00e9crit sur le sujet de la p\u00e9dagogie. Il est l\u2019un des fondateurs du courant p\u00e9dagogique de l\u2019\u00e9ducation nouvelle<\/strong>, qui pr\u00f4ne la participation active des individus \u00e0 leur formation et qui voit l\u2019apprentissage comme un vecteur de progr\u00e8s global de la personne (intellectuel, artistique, physique, social, etc.). <\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00e9ducation, pour lui, doit permettre \u00e0 chaque individu de se r\u00e9aliser<\/strong>, de d\u00e9velopper son individualit\u00e9, afin d\u2019\u00eatre mieux \u00e0 m\u00eame de participer activement \u00e0 la vie publique et sociale<\/strong>, \u00e0 l\u2019action collective, \u00e0 la d\u00e9mocratie. <\/p>\n

La p\u00e9dagogie telle qu\u2019il la con\u00e7oit et son id\u00e9al d\u00e9mocratique visent le m\u00eame objectif : donner aux individus les moyens d\u2019\u00eatre effectivement libres<\/strong> au sein de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 dans laquelle ils vivent et \u00e0 laquelle ils participent.
\n <\/p>\n

Et Dewey, \u00e7a donne quoi aujourd\u2019hui ?<\/h2>\n

 
\nJohn Dewey est fr\u00e9quemment consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme le philosophe am\u00e9ricain le plus influent de la premi\u00e8re moiti\u00e9 du XXI\u00e8me si\u00e8cle<\/strong>. Il est souvent pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 comme l\u2019un des pr\u00e9curseurs des notions de d\u00e9mocratie d\u00e9lib\u00e9rative ou participative. <\/p>\n

De nombreux philosophes contemporains, notamment Amartya Sen, prix Nobel d\u2019\u00e9conomie en 1998, se sont largement inspir\u00e9s de ses travaux.<\/strong> Ce dernier s\u2019est ainsi appuy\u00e9 sur sa notion de \u00ab capabilit\u00e9s \u00bb pour d\u00e9velopper ses concepts de libert\u00e9 positive et de libert\u00e9 n\u00e9gative. <\/p>\n

Les r\u00e9flexions de Dewey dans le domaine de la p\u00e9dagogie connaissent encore un important \u00e9cho outre-Atlantique et gagnent m\u00eame du terrain en France<\/strong> au d\u00e9triment de la pens\u00e9e d\u2019Emile Durkheim, adepte de la discipline, du respect de l\u2019ordre \u00e9tabli et d\u2019un certain conservatisme au niveau social et politique. <\/p>\n

Dans sa pr\u00e9face du livre de John Dewey \u00ab D\u00e9mocratie et \u00e9ducation \u00bb, Denis Meuret, Professeur en Sciences de l\u2019\u00e9ducation, consid\u00e8re le programme PISA<\/strong> (Programme International de Suivi des Acquis des \u00e9l\u00e8ves), cr\u00e9\u00e9 par l\u2019OCDE et qui vise \u00e0 tester et \u00e9valuer les connaissances des \u00e9l\u00e8ves de 15 ans, comme un h\u00e9ritage l\u00e9gu\u00e9 par John Dewey.<\/strong>
\n <\/p>\n

Quelques ouvrages de John Dewey \u00e0 consulter :<\/h2>\n

–\tMon cr\u00e9do p\u00e9dagogique
\n–\tL\u2019\u00e9cole et la soci\u00e9t\u00e9
\n–\tLes \u00e9coles de demain
\n–\tD\u00e9mocratie et \u00e9ducation
\n–\tL\u2019\u00e9cole et l\u2019enfant<\/em>
\n <\/p>\n

Dans la m\u00eame veine, on parle de Dewey dans Sydologie :<\/h2>\n

–\thttp:\/\/sydologie.com\/2021\/05\/pedagogo-14-david-kolb\/<\/a>
\n 
\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Chaque lundi, nous vous proposons de voyager dans l\u2019Histoire de la p\u00e9dagogie, \u00e0 travers les portraits des plus grands p\u00e9dagogues et th\u00e9oriciens qui ont influenc\u00e9 nos mod\u00e8les contemporains. John Dewey, c\u2019est qui ?! N\u00e9 le 20 octobre 1859 \u00e0 Burlington, dans le Vermont, aux Etats-Unis, et mort le 1er juin 1952 \u00e0 New York, John… Voir l’article<\/a>","protected":false},"author":41,"featured_media":10204,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":[],"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[2],"tags":[1899,344,369,1848,1811,1900],"class_list":["post-10881","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-le-mag","tag-dewey","tag-ecole","tag-education","tag-liberte","tag-pedagogue","tag-social-liberalisme"],"yoast_head":"\nPEDAGOGO #24 - JOHN DEWEY - Sydologie<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sydo.fr\/sydologie\/2021\/09\/pedagogo-24-john-dewey\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PEDAGOGO #24 - JOHN DEWEY - Sydologie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Chaque lundi, nous vous proposons de voyager dans l\u2019Histoire de la p\u00e9dagogie, \u00e0 travers les portraits des plus grands p\u00e9dagogues et th\u00e9oriciens qui ont influenc\u00e9 nos mod\u00e8les contemporains. 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