{"id":10866,"date":"2021-07-26T11:00:36","date_gmt":"2021-07-26T09:00:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sydologie.com\/?p=10866"},"modified":"2022-11-24T12:00:45","modified_gmt":"2022-11-24T11:00:45","slug":"pedagogo-24-vygotsky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sydo.fr\/sydologie\/2021\/07\/pedagogo-24-vygotsky\/","title":{"rendered":"PEDAGOGO #23 – LEV VYGOTSKY"},"content":{"rendered":"

Chaque lundi, nous vous proposons de voyager dans l\u2019Histoire de la p\u00e9dagogie, \u00e0 travers les portraits des plus grands p\u00e9dagogues et th\u00e9oriciens<\/strong> qui ont influenc\u00e9 nos mod\u00e8les contemporains.<\/p>\n

Vygotsky, c\u2019est qui ?!<\/h2>\n

\"\"
\nN\u00e9 en 1896 dans l\u2019Empire russe, Lev Vygotsky est un psychologue et p\u00e9dagogue sovi\u00e9tique, pr\u00e9curseur du courant de pens\u00e9e socioconstructiviste<\/strong>. <\/p>\n

Inspir\u00e9 par la th\u00e9orie marxiste, Vygotsky consid\u00e8re que l\u2019homme, en tant qu\u2019\u00eatre social, fa\u00e7onne ses repr\u00e9sentations du monde \u00e0 travers des outils socioculturels, permettant de comprendre et de transformer le r\u00e9el.<\/strong> Ces outils sont aussi bien physiques (par exemple un marteau) que symboliques (comme le langage, l\u2019art, les valeurs morales, etc.), et chaque individu en acquiert in\u00e9vitablement l\u2019usage via la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 dans laquelle il grandit.<\/p>\n

C\u2019est sur la base de cette doctrine que Vygotsky \u00e9labore diff\u00e9rents concepts p\u00e9dagogiques socioconstructivistes. Le plus important de ces concepts est sans doute la zone proximale de d\u00e9veloppement<\/strong>, qui se d\u00e9finit comme l\u2019\u00e9cart entre les t\u00e2ches qu\u2019un apprenant peut r\u00e9aliser par lui-m\u00eame, et les t\u00e2ches qu\u2019il ne peut r\u00e9ussir qu\u2019avec l\u2019aide d\u2019une personne qui en a d\u00e9j\u00e0 la ma\u00eetrise (un enseignant ou un autre \u00e9l\u00e8ve comp\u00e9tent). <\/p>\n

D\u00e8s lors, l\u2019apprentissage se d\u00e9finit comme le glissement de la zone proximale de d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019apprenant vers de nouvelles comp\u00e9tences plus avanc\u00e9es<\/strong> : celles qui exigeaient une aide ext\u00e9rieure deviennent des comp\u00e9tences dans lesquelles l\u2019apprenant devient autonome. <\/p>\n

Ainsi, selon Vygotsky, le r\u00f4le du p\u00e9dagogue est de d\u00e9terminer les objectifs p\u00e9dagogiques pour chaque apprenant en fonction de sa zone proximale de d\u00e9veloppement<\/strong> du moment, et d\u2019organiser ensuite des activit\u00e9s p\u00e9dagogiques guid\u00e9es en cons\u00e9quence.
\n <\/p>\n

Et Vygotsky, \u00e7a donne quoi aujourd\u2019hui ?<\/h2>\n

 
\nLe socioconstructivisme issu des travaux de Vygotsky a une place importante parmi les courants p\u00e9dagogiques contemporains<\/strong>, et d\u2019autres courants modernes, comme le connectivisme, s\u2019en inspirent.<\/p>\n

Parmi les mod\u00e8les p\u00e9dagogiques bas\u00e9s sur les concepts de Vygotsky on peut citer l\u2019apprentissage par les pairs mat\u00e9rialis\u00e9 par les communaut\u00e9s d\u2019apprenants, l\u2019enseignement par \u00ab situations-probl\u00e8mes \u00bb guid\u00e9 par l\u2019enseignant, ou encore les travaux de classe<\/strong> en sous-groupes permettant de confronter les points de vue des \u00e9l\u00e8ves.
\n <\/p>\n

Quelques ouvrages de Vygotsky \u00e0 consulter :<\/h2>\n

–\tHistoire du d\u00e9veloppement des fonctions psychiques sup\u00e9rieures
\n–\tPens\u00e9e et langage
\n–\tPsychologie p\u00e9dagogique<\/em>
\n <\/p>\n

Dans la m\u00eame veine, on parle de Vygotsky dans Sydologie :<\/h2>\n

–\tNotre livre blanc \u00ab La place des 5 grandes th\u00e9ories de l\u2019apprentissage dans la formation \u00bb<\/a>
\n 
\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Chaque lundi, nous vous proposons de voyager dans l\u2019Histoire de la p\u00e9dagogie, \u00e0 travers les portraits des plus grands p\u00e9dagogues et th\u00e9oriciens qui ont influenc\u00e9 nos mod\u00e8les contemporains. Vygotsky, c\u2019est qui ?! N\u00e9 en 1896 dans l\u2019Empire russe, Lev Vygotsky est un psychologue et p\u00e9dagogue sovi\u00e9tique, pr\u00e9curseur du courant de pens\u00e9e socioconstructiviste. Inspir\u00e9 par la… Voir l’article<\/a>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":10204,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":[],"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10866","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-le-mag"],"yoast_head":"\nPEDAGOGO #23 - LEV VYGOTSKY - Sydologie<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sydo.fr\/sydologie\/2021\/07\/pedagogo-24-vygotsky\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PEDAGOGO #23 - LEV VYGOTSKY - Sydologie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Chaque lundi, nous vous proposons de voyager dans l\u2019Histoire de la p\u00e9dagogie, \u00e0 travers les portraits des plus grands p\u00e9dagogues et th\u00e9oriciens qui ont influenc\u00e9 nos mod\u00e8les contemporains. Vygotsky, c\u2019est qui ?! N\u00e9 en 1896 dans l\u2019Empire russe, Lev Vygotsky est un psychologue et p\u00e9dagogue sovi\u00e9tique, pr\u00e9curseur du courant de pens\u00e9e socioconstructiviste. Inspir\u00e9 par la... 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N\u00e9 en 1896 dans l\u2019Empire russe, Lev Vygotsky est un psychologue et p\u00e9dagogue sovi\u00e9tique, pr\u00e9curseur du courant de pens\u00e9e socioconstructiviste. Inspir\u00e9 par la... 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