{"id":10679,"date":"2021-06-07T11:00:35","date_gmt":"2021-06-07T09:00:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sydologie.com\/?p=10679"},"modified":"2021-06-13T17:14:15","modified_gmt":"2021-06-13T15:14:15","slug":"pedagogo-18-ivan-pavlov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sydo.fr\/sydologie\/2021\/06\/pedagogo-18-ivan-pavlov\/","title":{"rendered":"PEDAGOGO #18 – IVAN PAVLOV"},"content":{"rendered":"

Chaque lundi, nous vous proposons de voyager dans l\u2019Histoire de la p\u00e9dagogie, \u00e0 travers les portraits des plus grands p\u00e9dagogues et th\u00e9oriciens<\/strong> qui ont influenc\u00e9 nos mod\u00e8les contemporains.<\/p>\n

Pavlov, c\u2019est qui ?!<\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

N\u00e9 en 1849 dans l\u2019Empire russe, Ivan Pavlov est un m\u00e9decin et docteur en physiologie animale. Fascin\u00e9 depuis sa jeunesse par les \u00e9tudes d\u2019Ivan Setchenov sur les r\u00e9flexes<\/strong>, Pavlov se passionne pour cette th\u00e9matique et d\u00e9veloppe ses propres exp\u00e9rimentations, la plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bre \u00e9tant l\u2019\u00e9tude du r\u00e9flexe de salivation men\u00e9e sur son chien. Pavlov faisait ainsi tinter une cloche tous les jours avant de servir le repas \u00e0 son chien, qui se mettait syst\u00e9matiquement \u00e0 saliver. Au fil des jours, Pavlov remarque que sans m\u00eame qu\u2019il ne pr\u00e9sente de repas \u00e0 son chien, celui-ci se met \u00e0 saliver simplement en entendant la sonnette tinter.<\/p>\n

Ce que met en \u00e9vidence Pavlov, c\u2019est qu\u2019en associant plusieurs fois un stimulus neutre (la sonnette) \u00e0 un stimulus naturel (le repas servi) afin de cr\u00e9er une r\u00e9action du corps (la salivation), le stimulus neutre suffit \u00e0 provoquer la r\u00e9action attendue.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pavlov qualifie alors ce comportement de \u00ab r\u00e9flexe conditionnel \u00bb. <\/strong>Il met ainsi en \u00e9vidence un processus d\u2019apprentissage valable \u00e9galement pour l\u2019\u00eatre humain, l\u2019apprentissage par l\u2019acquisition de r\u00e9flexes. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Et Pavlov, \u00e7a donne quoi aujourd\u2019hui ?<\/h2>\n

Comme chez l\u2019animal, l\u2019\u00eatre humain acquiert des r\u00e9flexes par la r\u00e9p\u00e9tition d\u2019une action. La d\u00e9couverte de Pavlov ouvre ainsi la voie \u00e0 de nombreuses recherches et initie un mouvement majeur en psychologie comportementale, le b\u00e9haviorisme.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tandis que le r\u00e9flexe d\u00e9couvert par Pavlov est appel\u00e9 \u00ab conditionnement classique \u00bb, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire que le r\u00e9flexe en jeu est physiologique et involontaire (la salivation, la phobie, etc.), des \u00e9tudes ult\u00e9rieures en ont mis en \u00e9vidence d\u2019autres types de r\u00e9flexes, notamment le \u00ab conditionnement op\u00e9rant \u00bb de Skinner<\/strong>, bas\u00e9 cette fois sur l\u2019acquisition d\u2019un comportement r\u00e9fl\u00e9chi de la part du sujet.<\/p>\n

Le conditionnement classique est aujourd\u2019hui utilis\u00e9 dans les psychoth\u00e9rapies pour lutter contre les phobies. Le principe de stimulus-r\u00e9ponse est \u00e9galement mobilis\u00e9 dans les campagnes de sensibilisation<\/strong>, afin de faire prendre conscience d\u2019un danger, comme la sensibilisation \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 routi\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

Les 6 manuels d’Ivan Pavlov \u00e0 consulter :<\/h2>\n

– Le travail des glandes salivaires
\n– R\u00e9flexes conditionnels<\/em><\/p>\n

Dans la m\u00eame veine, quelques articles Sydologie o\u00f9 on en parle :<\/h2>\n

– Notre livre blanc sur les 5 grandes th\u00e9ories de l\u2019apprentissage <\/a>
\n– http:\/\/sydologie.com\/outils\/projet-voltaire%e2%80%af-quand-les-neurosciences-servent-la-cause-de-lorthographe\/ <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Chaque lundi, nous vous proposons de voyager dans l\u2019Histoire de la p\u00e9dagogie, \u00e0 travers les portraits des plus grands p\u00e9dagogues et th\u00e9oriciens qui ont influenc\u00e9 nos mod\u00e8les contemporains. Pavlov, c\u2019est qui ?! N\u00e9 en 1849 dans l\u2019Empire russe, Ivan Pavlov est un m\u00e9decin et docteur en physiologie animale. Fascin\u00e9 depuis sa jeunesse par les \u00e9tudes… Voir l’article<\/a>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":10204,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":[],"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[2],"tags":[1878,1876,882,1811,1877],"class_list":["post-10679","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-le-mag","tag-behaviorisme","tag-pavlov","tag-pedagogie","tag-pedagogue","tag-reflexes"],"yoast_head":"\nPEDAGOGO #18 - IVAN PAVLOV - Sydologie<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sydo.fr\/sydologie\/2021\/06\/pedagogo-18-ivan-pavlov\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PEDAGOGO #18 - IVAN PAVLOV - Sydologie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Chaque lundi, nous vous proposons de voyager dans l\u2019Histoire de la p\u00e9dagogie, \u00e0 travers les portraits des plus grands p\u00e9dagogues et th\u00e9oriciens qui ont influenc\u00e9 nos mod\u00e8les contemporains. Pavlov, c\u2019est qui ?! N\u00e9 en 1849 dans l\u2019Empire russe, Ivan Pavlov est un m\u00e9decin et docteur en physiologie animale. Fascin\u00e9 depuis sa jeunesse par les \u00e9tudes... 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