{"id":10525,"date":"2021-04-19T11:00:04","date_gmt":"2021-04-19T09:00:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sydologie.com\/?p=10525"},"modified":"2021-04-19T10:27:07","modified_gmt":"2021-04-19T08:27:07","slug":"pedagogo-11-edouard-deci-et-richard-ryan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sydo.fr\/sydologie\/2021\/04\/pedagogo-11-edouard-deci-et-richard-ryan\/","title":{"rendered":"PEDAGOGO #11 – EDOUARD DECI et RICHARD RYAN"},"content":{"rendered":"

Chaque lundi, nous vous proposons de voyager dans l\u2019Histoire de la p\u00e9dagogie, \u00e0 travers les portraits des plus grands p\u00e9dagogues et th\u00e9oriciens<\/strong> qui ont influenc\u00e9 nos mod\u00e8les contemporains.
\n <\/p>\n

Deci et Ryan, c\u2019est qui ?!<\/h2>\n

 
\n\"\"
\n 
\nPour cet \u00e9pisode, pr\u00e9senter Edouard Deci et Richard Ryan ensemble s\u2019imposait comme une \u00e9vidence tant ils sont ins\u00e9parables dans le domaine de la recherche fondamentale en psychologie de la motivation.<\/strong> <\/p>\n

En effet, ces deux professeurs de psychologie de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Rochester font partie des th\u00e9oriciens contemporains les plus influents dans la p\u00e9dagogie. Ils ont cofond\u00e9 la self-determination theory<\/em>, ou \u00ab\u00a0th\u00e9orie de l\u2019autod\u00e9termination\u00a0\u00bb. Avec cette th\u00e9orie, ils distinguent deux types de motivation<\/strong> :
\n 
\n–\tLa motivation intrins\u00e8que<\/strong>, qui incite l\u2019individu \u00e0 r\u00e9aliser une activit\u00e9 pour l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat et le plaisir qu\u2019il y trouve. L\u2019individu est alors autonome dans son choix de poursuivre ou d\u2019arr\u00eater l\u2019activit\u00e9 ;
\n–\tEt la motivation extrins\u00e8que<\/strong>, qui se nourrit d\u2019une raison ext\u00e9rieure \u00e0 l\u2019activit\u00e9. Celle-ci peut correspondre \u00e0 un renforcement positif comme gagner de l\u2019argent pour se nourrir, mais \u00e9galement \u00e0 un renforcement n\u00e9gatif comme \u00e9viter une sanction si on ne r\u00e9alise pas l\u2019activit\u00e9. Dans ce cas, le choix de poursuivre l\u2019activit\u00e9 est moins autod\u00e9termin\u00e9, et davantage \u00ab impos\u00e9 \u00bb par d\u2019autres facteurs.<\/p>\n

D\u2019apr\u00e8s Deci et Ryan, la motivation intrins\u00e8que favorise davantage la persistance dans une activit\u00e9<\/strong>. En effet, Edouard Deci a men\u00e9 une exp\u00e9rience o\u00f9 deux groupes de test jouent \u00e0 un jeu de puzzle. Le premier groupe re\u00e7oit une r\u00e9compense mon\u00e9taire en fonction de sa performance, tandis que le second joue uniquement pour le plaisir. <\/p>\n

Certes, il observe que la r\u00e9compense augmente l\u2019engagement du groupe \u00ab avec r\u00e9compense \u00bb \u00e0 r\u00e9aliser une performance \u00e9lev\u00e9e durant la session. Mais, il note surtout que c\u2019est le groupe \u00ab sans r\u00e9compense \u00bb qui poursuit l\u2019activit\u00e9 durant la pause<\/strong> entre deux sessions, pendant que le groupe \u00ab avec r\u00e9compense \u00bb d\u00e9laisse totalement le jeu au profit d\u2019autres occupations.
\n <\/p>\n

Et Deci et Ryan, \u00e7a donne quoi aujourd\u2019hui ?<\/h2>\n

 
\nCette th\u00e9orie soul\u00e8ve de nombreuses questions sur le plan p\u00e9dagogique <\/strong>: comment int\u00e9resser les apprenants pour stimuler leur motivation intrins\u00e8que ? Quel type d\u2019\u00e9valuation privil\u00e9gier : l\u2019\u00e9valuation formative dans l\u2019unique but d\u2019indiquer un niveau de performance \u00e0 l\u2019apprenant, ou l\u2019\u00e9valuation sommative afin de le r\u00e9compenser de sa performance ? Faut-il combiner les diff\u00e9rents types de motivation ou se focaliser uniquement sur le plaisir \u00e0 apprendre ?<\/p>\n

L\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat de cette th\u00e9orie tient ainsi au fait qu\u2019elle ouvre \u00e0 de nombreuses possibilit\u00e9s, elle ne se fonde pas uniquement sur l\u2019axe ludique<\/strong>, comme d\u2019autres courants p\u00e9dagogiques<\/strong>, mais donne un int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e0 la motivation extrins\u00e8que, habituellement associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation \u00ab traditionnelle \u00bb et parfois critiqu\u00e9e \u00e0 tort.<\/p>\n

Il existe aujourd\u2019hui un Centre pour la th\u00e9orie de l\u2019auto-d\u00e9termination o\u00f9 de nombreux chercheurs en psychologie poursuivent et enrichissent les travaux de Deci et Ryan. En effet, au sein des deux cat\u00e9gories de motivation, de nouveaux travaux ont permis d\u2019identifier plusieurs sous-types de motivation int\u00e9ressants \u00e0 explorer.<\/strong>
\n <\/p>\n

Quelques ouvrages de Deci et Ryan \u00e0 consulter :<\/h2>\n

 
\n–\tMotivation intrins\u00e8que et autod\u00e9termination dans le comportement humain<\/em> (Deci et Ryan)
\n–\tTh\u00e9orie de l’autod\u00e9termination : besoins psychologiques de base en mati\u00e8re de motivation, de d\u00e9veloppement et de bien-\u00eatre<\/em> (Deci et Ryan)
\n–\tColl\u00e9 aux jeux : comment les jeux vid\u00e9o nous attirent et nous captivent<\/em> (Ryan)
\n <\/p>\n

Quelques articles Sydologie o\u00f9 on parle de Deci et Ryan<\/h2>\n

:
\n 
\n–\thttp:\/\/sydologie.com\/2019\/04\/besoin-dun-cadre-pour-concevoir-une-formation-motivante\/<\/a>
\n–\thttp:\/\/sydologie.com\/2014\/01\/evaluation-avec-ou-sans-notes\/<\/a>
\n–\thttp:\/\/sydologie.com\/2016\/08\/mecanismes-de-motivation-jeu-lapprentissage\/ <\/a>
\n 
\n 
\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Chaque lundi, nous vous proposons de voyager dans l\u2019Histoire de la p\u00e9dagogie, \u00e0 travers les portraits des plus grands p\u00e9dagogues et th\u00e9oriciens qui ont influenc\u00e9 nos mod\u00e8les contemporains.   Deci et Ryan, c\u2019est qui ?!     Pour cet \u00e9pisode, pr\u00e9senter Edouard Deci et Richard Ryan ensemble s\u2019imposait comme une \u00e9vidence tant ils sont ins\u00e9parables… Voir l’article<\/a>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":10204,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":[],"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[2],"tags":[796,882,1811],"class_list":["post-10525","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-le-mag","tag-motivation","tag-pedagogie","tag-pedagogue"],"yoast_head":"\nPEDAGOGO #11 - EDOUARD DECI et RICHARD RYAN - Sydologie<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sydo.fr\/sydologie\/2021\/04\/pedagogo-11-edouard-deci-et-richard-ryan\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PEDAGOGO #11 - EDOUARD DECI et RICHARD RYAN - Sydologie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Chaque lundi, nous vous proposons de voyager dans l\u2019Histoire de la p\u00e9dagogie, \u00e0 travers les portraits des plus grands p\u00e9dagogues et th\u00e9oriciens qui ont influenc\u00e9 nos mod\u00e8les contemporains.   Deci et Ryan, c\u2019est qui ?!     Pour cet \u00e9pisode, pr\u00e9senter Edouard Deci et Richard Ryan ensemble s\u2019imposait comme une \u00e9vidence tant ils sont ins\u00e9parables... 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