{"id":10377,"date":"2021-03-16T11:00:11","date_gmt":"2021-03-16T10:00:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sydologie.com\/?p=10377"},"modified":"2021-03-15T16:16:16","modified_gmt":"2021-03-15T15:16:16","slug":"pedagogo-6-nadejda-kroupskaia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sydo.fr\/sydologie\/2021\/03\/pedagogo-6-nadejda-kroupskaia\/","title":{"rendered":"PEDAGOGO #6 – NADEJDA KROUPSKA\u00cfA"},"content":{"rendered":"

Chaque lundi, nous vous proposons de voyager dans l\u2019Histoire de la p\u00e9dagogie, \u00e0 travers les portraits des plus grands p\u00e9dagogues et th\u00e9oriciens<\/strong> qui ont influenc\u00e9 nos mod\u00e8les contemporains.
\n <\/p>\n

Nadejda Kroupska\u00efa, c\u2019est qui ?!<\/h2>\n

 
\n\"\"
\n 
\nN\u00e9e en 1869 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg, la capitale de l\u2019Empire russe d\u2019alors, Nadejda Kroupska\u00efa grandit au sein d\u2019une famille de petite noblesse progressiste. Elle \u00e9tudie la p\u00e9dagogie afin de devenir institutrice. Son engagement politique en faveur des couches sociales pauvres la pousse \u00e0 se consacrer \u00e0 la lutte contre l\u2019analphab\u00e9tisme des enfants et des travailleurs ouvriers, et \u00e0 orienter ses r\u00e9flexions p\u00e9dagogiques vers l\u2019\u00e9mancipation du citoyen.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Elle sort victorieuse de la r\u00e9volution d\u2019Octobre aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de L\u00e9nine, son \u00e9poux. Kroupska\u00efa s\u2019attelle alors \u00e0 construire une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 socialiste par le biais de l\u2019\u00e9ducation. Ainsi, elle repense l\u2019organisation du syst\u00e8me \u00e9ducatif en URSS<\/strong>, r\u00e9forme la formation des \u00e9ducateurs et les programmes scolaires, favorise l\u2019alphab\u00e9tisation de l\u2019int\u00e9gralit\u00e9 de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, enfants comme adultes, et promeut les mouvements de la jeunesse.<\/p>\n

Les principaux piliers sur lesquels Nadejda Kroupska\u00efa s\u2019appuie sont :<\/p>\n

–\tL\u2019enseignement primaire gratuit et obligatoire<\/strong> pour tous, ainsi que le syst\u00e8me de cours de jour et du soir pour les adultes. Ces deux mesures ont permis l\u2019alphab\u00e9tisation de masse<\/strong> en un temps-record ;<\/p>\n

–\tL\u2019introduction, d\u2019une part, des sciences naturelles<\/strong> pour comprendre les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes naturels de mani\u00e8re rationnelle et, d\u2019autre part, des sciences sociales<\/strong> pour discerner les rapports de domination au sein de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 ; <\/p>\n

–\tL\u2019am\u00e9nagement du temps extra-scolaire<\/strong>, pour que l\u2019enfant puisse effectuer un travail personnel, participer \u00e0 l\u2019organisation de la vie \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole, ou encore faire une activit\u00e9 physique ;<\/p>\n

–\tLe d\u00e9veloppement des soft skills<\/em><\/strong>, comme \u00ab\u00a0savoir d\u00e9fendre ses id\u00e9es dans un d\u00e9bat\u00a0\u00bb ou \u00ab\u00a0d\u00e9velopper une d\u00e9marche exp\u00e9rimentale dans le domaine de la recherche\u00a0\u00bb ;<\/p>\n

–\tL\u2019autogestion des enfants \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole<\/strong>, pour les inciter \u00e0 se montrer plus actifs au sein de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, \u00e0 mettre en commun leurs efforts pour r\u00e9soudre des probl\u00e8mes\u2026 en vue de construire l\u2019id\u00e9al socialiste.
\n <\/p>\n

Et Nadejda Kroupska\u00efa, \u00e7a donne quoi aujourd\u2019hui ?<\/h2>\n

 
\nLe r\u00e9gime mis en place par Staline a largement boulevers\u00e9 le syst\u00e8me \u00e9ducatif sovi\u00e9tique, si bien que la p\u00e9dagogie marxiste-l\u00e9niniste de Kroupska\u00efa n\u2019a pas perdur\u00e9 apr\u00e8s sa mort.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cependant, abstraction faite de son lien \u00e9troit avec la pens\u00e9e politique socialiste, la p\u00e9dagogie de Kroupska\u00efa et ses applications s\u2019av\u00e8rent modernes et universelles <\/strong>\u00e0 maints \u00e9gards, comme le d\u00e9cloisonnement des disciplines, que l\u2019on retrouve aujourd\u2019hui dans les projets interdisciplinaires \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole comme \u00e0 l\u2019universit\u00e9, ou encore comme le d\u00e9veloppement des comp\u00e9tences transversales ou soft skills<\/em>.
\n <\/p>\n

Quelques volumes tir\u00e9s des \u00ab \u0152uvres p\u00e9dagogiques \u00bb de Nadejda Kroupska\u00efa :<\/h2>\n

 
\n–\tL’instruction publique des enfants et des adolescents
\n–\tL’autogestion des enfants \u00e0 l’\u00e9cole
\n–\tLes probl\u00e8mes de l’enseignement polytechnique
\n–\tSur l’\u00e9ducation pr\u00e9scolaire des enfants
\n 
\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Chaque lundi, nous vous proposons de voyager dans l\u2019Histoire de la p\u00e9dagogie, \u00e0 travers les portraits des plus grands p\u00e9dagogues et th\u00e9oriciens qui ont influenc\u00e9 nos mod\u00e8les contemporains.   Nadejda Kroupska\u00efa, c\u2019est qui ?!     N\u00e9e en 1869 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg, la capitale de l\u2019Empire russe d\u2019alors, Nadejda Kroupska\u00efa grandit au sein d\u2019une famille de… Voir l’article<\/a>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":10204,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":[],"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[2],"tags":[1838,1815,1837,882,1839],"class_list":["post-10377","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-le-mag","tag-alphabetisation","tag-autonomisation","tag-kroupskaia","tag-pedagogie","tag-soft-skills"],"yoast_head":"\nPEDAGOGO #6 - NADEJDA KROUPSKA\u00cfA - Sydologie<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sydo.fr\/sydologie\/2021\/03\/pedagogo-6-nadejda-kroupskaia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PEDAGOGO #6 - NADEJDA KROUPSKA\u00cfA - Sydologie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Chaque lundi, nous vous proposons de voyager dans l\u2019Histoire de la p\u00e9dagogie, \u00e0 travers les portraits des plus grands p\u00e9dagogues et th\u00e9oriciens qui ont influenc\u00e9 nos mod\u00e8les contemporains.   Nadejda Kroupska\u00efa, c\u2019est qui ?!     N\u00e9e en 1869 \u00e0 Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg, la capitale de l\u2019Empire russe d\u2019alors, Nadejda Kroupska\u00efa grandit au sein d\u2019une famille de... 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