{"id":10295,"date":"2021-03-01T11:00:45","date_gmt":"2021-03-01T10:00:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sydologie.com\/?p=10295"},"modified":"2021-03-01T09:22:36","modified_gmt":"2021-03-01T08:22:36","slug":"pedagogo-4-ibn-khaldoun","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sydo.fr\/sydologie\/2021\/03\/pedagogo-4-ibn-khaldoun\/","title":{"rendered":"PEDAGOGO #4 \u2013 IBN KHALDOUN"},"content":{"rendered":"

Chaque lundi, nous vous proposons de voyager dans l\u2019Histoire de la p\u00e9dagogie, \u00e0 travers les portraits des plus grands p\u00e9dagogues et th\u00e9oriciens<\/strong> qui ont influenc\u00e9 nos mod\u00e8les contemporains.
\n 
\n\"\"
\n <\/p>\n

Ibn Khaldoun, c\u2019est qui ?!<\/h2>\n

 
\nN\u00e9 en 1332 \u00e0 Tunis, et issu d\u2019une famille d\u2019origine arabo-andalouse, Ibn Khaldoun est un esprit pionnier dans de nombreux domaines. Il est \u00e0 la fois historien des civilisations, g\u00e9ographe, \u00e9conomiste, ou encore pr\u00e9curseur de la sociologie. Il a contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 faire basculer l\u2019humanit\u00e9 du Moyen \u00e2ge vers la Renaissance<\/strong> gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la diffusion des savoirs et au d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019id\u00e9es avant-gardistes, voire en rupture avec son temps \u2013 notamment sur l\u2019enseignement religieux pour les enfants, qu\u2019il estime pr\u00e9coce et d\u00e9faillant.<\/p>\n

Ibn Khaldoun se mue \u00e9galement en p\u00e9dagogue dans ses \u00ab\u00a0Prol\u00e9gom\u00e8nes\u00a0\u00bb, qu\u2019il consacre \u00e0 la question de la transmission des savoirs et des savoir-faire. Ibn Khaldoun con\u00e7oit l\u2019apprentissage comme l\u2019acquisition d\u2019un habitus<\/em><\/strong>, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire d\u2019une \u00ab qualit\u00e9 stable r\u00e9sultant d’une action r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e jusqu’\u00e0 la fixation de sa forme \u00bb. En d\u00e9coulent ainsi plusieurs principes p\u00e9dagogiques, entre autres :<\/p>\n

–\tLes habitus<\/em> de l\u2019individu, qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse de science ou d\u2019art, sont de nature corporelle et s\u2019acqui\u00e8rent par les sens. L\u2019apprentissage doit donc \u00eatre pratique et concret<\/strong> ;<\/p>\n

–\tL\u2019habitus<\/em> d\u2019un art (autrement dit d\u2019un m\u00e9tier), s\u2019acquiert mieux dans une relation ma\u00eetre-disciple, propice \u00e0 l\u2019observation directe et \u00e0 l\u2019imitation<\/strong> ;<\/p>\n

–\tLa r\u00e9ceptivit\u00e9 limit\u00e9e de l\u2019\u00e2me implique de construire un habitus<\/em> en trois \u00e9tapes progressives<\/strong> (la d\u00e9couverte, l\u2019approfondissement et la consolidation), tout en d\u00e9finissant des objectifs p\u00e9dagogiques et un mat\u00e9riel didactique coh\u00e9rents et adapt\u00e9s aux capacit\u00e9s de l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve.
\n <\/p>\n

Et Ibn Khaldoun, \u00e7a donne quoi aujourd\u2019hui ?<\/h2>\n

 
\nTraduites et imprim\u00e9es en Europe \u00e0 partir du 19\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, les id\u00e9es d\u2019Ibn Khaldoun ont pu inspirer les penseurs occidentaux, dans les domaines de la sociologie et de l’histoire des civilisations entre autres, mais aussi dans le domaine de la p\u00e9dagogie. Pour certains analystes, ses apports p\u00e9dagogiques s\u2019apparentent \u00e0 ceux de Montaigne, ou encore de Jean Piaget.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cependant, \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re des neurosciences, certaines de ses r\u00e9flexions peuvent para\u00eetre erron\u00e9es aujourd\u2019hui.<\/strong> Par exemple, l\u2019id\u00e9e selon laquelle la capacit\u00e9 de l\u2019individu \u00e0 investir un nouveau champ de comp\u00e9tences diminue d\u00e8s lors qu\u2019il apprend une premi\u00e8re discipline va \u00e0 l\u2019encontre de la plasticit\u00e9 neuronale, qui permet d’apprendre tout au long de la vie.
\n <\/p>\n

Quelques ouvrages d\u2019Ibn Khaldoun \u00e0 consulter :<\/h2>\n

 
\nIbn Khaldoun d\u00e9veloppe essentiellement ses id\u00e9es p\u00e9dagogiques dans ses \u00ab\u00a0Prol\u00e9gom\u00e8nes\u00a0\u00bb (Muqaddima). Ce texte introduit son \u0153uvre majeure, \u00ab\u00a0Le Livre des Exemples\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>, qui traite de l\u2019Histoire universelle.
\n 
\nDans la m\u00eame veine, quelques articles Sydologie o\u00f9 on en parle :
\n–\thttp:\/\/sydologie.com\/2019\/02\/quest-ce-quun-objectif-pedagogique-operationnel\/<\/a>
\n–\thttp:\/\/sydologie.com\/2019\/09\/le-cycle-de-kolb-ou-la-pratique-en-theorie\/ <\/a>
\n 
\n 
\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Chaque lundi, nous vous proposons de voyager dans l\u2019Histoire de la p\u00e9dagogie, \u00e0 travers les portraits des plus grands p\u00e9dagogues et th\u00e9oriciens qui ont influenc\u00e9 nos mod\u00e8les contemporains.     Ibn Khaldoun, c\u2019est qui ?!   N\u00e9 en 1332 \u00e0 Tunis, et issu d\u2019une famille d\u2019origine arabo-andalouse, Ibn Khaldoun est un esprit pionnier dans de… Voir l’article<\/a>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":10204,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":[],"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[2],"tags":[71,1820,1819,882,1811,1818],"class_list":["post-10295","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-le-mag","tag-apprentissage","tag-imitation","tag-observation","tag-pedagogie","tag-pedagogue","tag-theorie"],"yoast_head":"\nPEDAGOGO #4 \u2013 IBN KHALDOUN - Sydologie<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sydo.fr\/sydologie\/2021\/03\/pedagogo-4-ibn-khaldoun\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PEDAGOGO #4 \u2013 IBN KHALDOUN - Sydologie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Chaque lundi, nous vous proposons de voyager dans l\u2019Histoire de la p\u00e9dagogie, \u00e0 travers les portraits des plus grands p\u00e9dagogues et th\u00e9oriciens qui ont influenc\u00e9 nos mod\u00e8les contemporains.     Ibn Khaldoun, c\u2019est qui ?!   N\u00e9 en 1332 \u00e0 Tunis, et issu d\u2019une famille d\u2019origine arabo-andalouse, Ibn Khaldoun est un esprit pionnier dans de... 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