{"id":10262,"date":"2021-02-22T11:00:01","date_gmt":"2021-02-22T10:00:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sydologie.com\/?p=10262"},"modified":"2021-02-19T17:37:48","modified_gmt":"2021-02-19T16:37:48","slug":"pedagogo-3-maria-montessori","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sydo.fr\/sydologie\/2021\/02\/pedagogo-3-maria-montessori\/","title":{"rendered":"PEDAGOGO #3 – MARIA MONTESSORI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Chaque lundi, nous vous proposons de voyager dans l\u2019Histoire de la p\u00e9dagogie, \u00e0 travers les portraits des plus grands p\u00e9dagogues et th\u00e9oriciens<\/strong> qui ont influenc\u00e9 nos mod\u00e8les contemporains.
\n 
\n\"\"
\n <\/p>\n

Montessori, c\u2019est qui ?!<\/h2>\n

 
\nC\u2019est sans doute le terme le plus \u00e9vocateur quand on parle de p\u00e9dagogie\u2026 mais on conna\u00eet moins son origine ! N\u00e9e au 19\u00e8me si\u00e8cle dans le Royaume d\u2019Italie d\u2019alors, Maria Montessori se dresse \u00e0 contre-courant des id\u00e9es de son \u00e9poque.<\/strong> Elle devient l\u2019une des premi\u00e8res femmes m\u00e9decins en Italie, malgr\u00e9 l\u2019avis de son entourage et du Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019\u00e9ducation nationale. <\/p>\n

Elle milite pour la reconnaissance des droits des enfants d\u00e9ficients sensoriels, et cr\u00e9e pour eux une \u00e9cole sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e o\u00f9 leur sont prodigu\u00e9s des soins m\u00e9dicaux et o\u00f9 une \u00e9ducation leur est apport\u00e9e. En 1907, elle d\u00e9cide de s\u2019occuper \u00e9galement d\u2019enfants ne souffrant pas de d\u00e9ficience sensorielle, et fonde la Casa dei Bambini<\/em> (la Maison des Enfants), une cr\u00e8che o\u00f9 elle y applique ses principes p\u00e9dagogiques novateurs.<\/strong><\/p>\n

La p\u00e9dagogie de Maria Montessori pourrait se r\u00e9sumer \u00e0 son c\u00e9l\u00e8bre oxymore \u00ab Aide-moi \u00e0 faire tout seul \u00bb<\/strong>. Contrairement au syst\u00e8me traditionnel qui rel\u00e8gue l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 un r\u00f4le passif, immobile et disciplin\u00e9, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me de r\u00e9compenses-punitions, Maria Montessori consid\u00e8re que l\u2019enfant serait plus \u00e9panoui, et son apprentissage plus efficace, s\u2019il pouvait explorer librement un environnement sensoriel riche au sein de sa classe<\/strong>\u2026 <\/p>\n

Nul besoin de le forcer, il est naturellement curieux ! Elle \u00e9labore ainsi des jeux d\u2019\u00e9veil proposant des syst\u00e8mes d\u2019autocorrection. L\u2019enfant s\u00e9lectionne lui-m\u00eame son activit\u00e9 et la r\u00e9alise de fa\u00e7on autonome. L\u2019enseignant reste toutefois pr\u00e9sent, mais son r\u00f4le change : il guide l\u2019enfant dans sa r\u00e9flexion durant les activit\u00e9s<\/strong>, et garde un suivi \u00e0 long terme de ses apprentissages.
\n <\/p>\n

Et Montessori, \u00e7a donne quoi aujourd\u2019hui ?<\/h2>\n

 
\nPlus d\u2019un si\u00e8cle apr\u00e8s la cr\u00e9ation de la Casa dei Bambini<\/em>, le mod\u00e8le Montessori reste sans aucun doute un des plus grands succ\u00e8s de la p\u00e9dagogie moderne<\/strong>, \u00e0 en juger par les 20 000 \u00e9coles du r\u00e9seau mondial Montessori, ou encore par le march\u00e9 cons\u00e9quent des jeux d\u2019\u00e9veil pour enfants de 0 \u00e0 10 ans estampill\u00e9s Montessori.<\/p>\n

En France, C\u00e9line Alvarez a revisit\u00e9 la p\u00e9dagogie Montessori \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re des d\u00e9couvertes de la neuroscience<\/strong>, afin de montrer que l\u2019\u00e9chec scolaire au cycle primaire n’est pas une fatalit\u00e9. <\/p>\n

Son exp\u00e9rience a \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9e dans une classe \u00e0 Gennevilliers dans une zone d\u2019\u00e9ducation prioritaire particuli\u00e8rement frapp\u00e9e par l\u2019\u00e9chec scolaire des plus jeunes enfants. Le changement de p\u00e9dagogie op\u00e9r\u00e9 a alors consist\u00e9 \u00e0 repenser la journ\u00e9e scolaire autour d\u2019activit\u00e9s autonomes<\/strong>, guid\u00e9es par l\u2019enseignant. Soumise \u00e0 un test avant\/apr\u00e8s, cette exp\u00e9rience a donn\u00e9 des r\u00e9sultats spectaculaires : les lacunes observ\u00e9es chez les \u00e9l\u00e8ves en d\u00e9but d\u2019ann\u00e9e ont non seulement \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9sorb\u00e9es, mais certains ont de surcro\u00eet surpass\u00e9 les aptitudes attendues pour leur \u00e2ge.
\n 
\nQuelques ouvrages de Maria Montessori \u00e0 consulter :<\/strong>
\n–\tP\u00e9dagogie scientifique, 1926
\n–\tLes \u00e9tapes de l’\u00e9ducation, 1932
\n–\tL\u2019enfant, 1936<\/em>
\n 
\nDans la m\u00eame veine, quelques articles Sydologie o\u00f9 on en parle :<\/strong>
\n–\thttp:\/\/sydologie.com\/2017\/09\/savoir-maria-montessori\/<\/a>
\n–\thttp:\/\/sydologie.com\/2014\/08\/a-la-rencontre-de-maria-montessori\/<\/a>
\n–\thttp:\/\/sydologie.com\/2016\/10\/lumiere-lecole-de-ferme-enfants\/<\/a>
\n 
\n 
\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Chaque lundi, nous vous proposons de voyager dans l\u2019Histoire de la p\u00e9dagogie, \u00e0 travers les portraits des plus grands p\u00e9dagogues et th\u00e9oriciens qui ont influenc\u00e9 nos mod\u00e8les contemporains.     Montessori, c\u2019est qui ?!   C\u2019est sans doute le terme le plus \u00e9vocateur quand on parle de p\u00e9dagogie\u2026 mais on conna\u00eet moins son origine !… Voir l’article<\/a>","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":10204,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"initial","rop_publish_now_accounts":[],"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[2],"tags":[1815,786,882,1811],"class_list":["post-10262","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-le-mag","tag-autonomisation","tag-montessori","tag-pedagogie","tag-pedagogue"],"yoast_head":"\nPEDAGOGO #3 - MARIA MONTESSORI - Sydologie<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sydo.fr\/sydologie\/2021\/02\/pedagogo-3-maria-montessori\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PEDAGOGO #3 - MARIA MONTESSORI - Sydologie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Chaque lundi, nous vous proposons de voyager dans l\u2019Histoire de la p\u00e9dagogie, \u00e0 travers les portraits des plus grands p\u00e9dagogues et th\u00e9oriciens qui ont influenc\u00e9 nos mod\u00e8les contemporains.     Montessori, c\u2019est qui ?!   C\u2019est sans doute le terme le plus \u00e9vocateur quand on parle de p\u00e9dagogie\u2026 mais on conna\u00eet moins son origine !... 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